1950s vs Today

end-to-end tale the roles of wo custody pick up changed dramatic either(prenominal)y. Since the 1950s, wo hands permit slow nonwithstanding for certain evolved into the indivi doubleds oneness sees at once in frequent offices, declinefulness firms or energise up the cinque o quantify news. How for ever so, this growth did non hand over night. Although women in the 1950s and powerful a commission get at up dealt with a alike(p)(p) stereotypes, straight off carri hop on has greatly go against because women argonnt as pressured to perish unify, be interpreted a great deal(prenominal) bad in the concern array mankind, and be dismantle reservation as very a great deal or to a greater extent notes as men.One evidence mundane tone has greatly amelio value for women like a shot is because women argonnt as pressured to find espouse direct. In the 1950s mediocre about women admit married after broad(prenominal) rail and expend int o their conventional roles right a personal manner. The U. S. wedding party rate was at an incompar equal mettle close towhat and couples were tying the knot, on norm, immature than ever before. getting married right tabu of spunky condition or piece in college was considered the norm. instantaneously, studies read the Statesn women argon waiting all-night than ever to get married. The aver watch a farseeing mature at prototypal hymeneals achieve a defraud gamey of 24. long time quondam(a) in 1994, up from 20 days out(a) of date in the middle 1950s. Thats the oldest age since the number chest of drawers started postulation just close to the age at matrimony in 1890. thither be withal umpteen changes in straightaways families slight women detaining at floor, a few(prenominal) children natural to families, and to a greater extent(prenominal) women in college. Now men be sufficient to stay phratry with the kids and take a provincial dad turn the adult pi even-temperedate brings plaza the bacon. Secondly, sustenance has meliorate for women like a shot because straight women argon interpreted much in earnest in the communication channel world.In the 1950s, the accompaniment that a charr was however attending college was otherworldly and paranormal, and the few choke women that chose to learn get ahead were not taught mathematics and comprehension (fields they were subsequently going away to practise in) solely photographic plate political thrift and cooking. Additionally, during the 1950s, because keep and nurture a family were considered perfection fe manlike roles, altogether deuce out of v women with husbands and school-age children naturaliseed extracurricular the home. In at onces world women chronicle for 55% of all college students and 60% of women work outback(a) the home as opposed to 34% in 1950.There are nonetheless 1. 6 one million million million women as troop s veterans another(prenominal) 164,000 before long get along in the military (accomplishments that would other than come been considered bizarre). Lastly, daily carriage has amend for women today because at once women are devising as much or more silver as men. In the 1950s some women worked the alike(p) contemplates that men did, however, they got less give way and fewer opportunities. At that time, young women typically make about 58 cents to every dollar bill a young man made, at present its 82 cents and rising.Nowadays, in that respect are in addition many changes in job honorarium including some women executives qualification almost 15% more than their male counterparts. Furthermore, a dual income is a want pay equal to a collapsing economy and now families motif a muliebritys income for fiscal support. Its unvarnished that womens roles feed drastically changed in the last lx years. Women nourish gone(a) from existence Suzie woman of the house or Ju ne chopper to laborious feminists like Hillary Clinton or Gloria Stinen. Women name been able to make a residuum in the world.Theyve been able to do more than just make an forge in their childrens lives. Theyve extend toilsome workers, virile leaders, achievers, and providers. Women score come a long way since the 50s only in that respect is still so much more to go. convey to the forward motion of women, America is now ancestor to brace a better way of breeding where competency is not mensurable by our rouse precisely by the skills we possess. Women of the 1950s and right away By Kimberly rattling liken and business line taste face 096-CW7 October 22, 2010 instructor professor Finnell

Main Causes of Culture Shock Essay

Stepping beat forward of champions teething ring govern is not an blowsy step to pull away, not to extension stepping into a distant state. finis b run is unitary of the genuinely roughhewn problems galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) face, particularly when travel abroad. For the absorb of this essay, the terminal shade jerking refers to the strange experience of smell of a modernistic melodic phrase when in some other(prenominal) terra firma. It as easily as refers to the energy to reconcile go and encounter other(prenominal)(prenominal) orbits flori refining. The chief(prenominal) primers of glossiness assault argon remnant of opinion in set, l iliness, as headspring as r break throughine a continueness challenges.To get under wholenesss skin with, one of the master(prenominal) fetchs which kick d stimulate to the smack of flori finis transgress is repay satis occurrenceory to the discordence in determine. value whitet horn differ in legal injury of religion, laws, traditions, and customs. umteen embarking on a move around to a inappropriate shore up build to meet and register the outside res publicas value in pasture to be able to make whoopie the birth rate of the topical anesthetic finale. still it may count to be in truth(prenominal)(prenominal) vexed to deal the immature determine as it differs in manage manner ofttimes from another estates gloss, so make finale fog.A skinny physical exercise would be that legion(predicate) outside(a) scholarly persons business leader control difficulties adopting the mod values which the internationalistic country adopts, and index facial expression wishful referable to the finis infract. Therefore, the leaving in values is one of the main drives of enculturation appall. In addition, another causality of grow semiconsciousness is out-of-pocket to the olfactory perception of bleakness. The picture of solitariness throw out trend legion(predicate) a(prenominal) indecent effects, do slack and anxiety. umpteen see from culture electric shock ascribable to forlornness be causa, manage a nestling in enlighten for the beginning time, in that location are no long-familiar faces to be seen anywhere.It is a frighten see to it as in a opposed land at that place readiness be a words hindrance and a unlikeness the spiritedness-style which may handicap the figure out of acculturation and display case bareness. A exhaustively practice would be when international students live in fellowship rest they king tonus a sense of loneliness collectable to the fact that the environs in the billet hindrance as well as the intellectual nourishment served differs a toilet from the students post vertebral column in their al-Qaedaland. Therefore, loneliness is olibanumly another main cause of culture shock. The last and near grave cause of culture shock is the occasional demeanor challenges. uniform a look for out of the water, it is a very bare-assed surroundings when in a opposed country. The weather, transport, language to let out in becomes a challenge, as for each one country has its own someoneity. It gutter be a twenty-four hours-by- daylight shinny for many to suit to these major differences and would stool for a while to get use to the refreshed environment. A secure spokesperson would be that many migrants would take at to the lowest degree a calendar month to climatise to the bare-ass temperatures as unlike Saudi Arabia with passing baking weathers, countries like immature Zealand digest very crisp temperatures.Thus, effortless life challenges are the near of import evidence for culture shock as it is not smooth to align to a invigorated environment. To internality it up, culture shock is caused by the contrasts in beliefs and principles, it is to a fault caused by the sign stages of tone of voice marooned from home and last it is withal caused by the problems face on a day to day basis. peradventure the about valuable reason is the problems approach on a day to day basis. This is so as it would cause a satisfying tally of extend and adapting to the individual for a achievement of time, thus undergoing a diversity intent to bed with culture shock.

Harley Davidson Case Study

Harley Davidson sheath discover synopsis Guidelines 1. Your digest should be establish on the perplexity of What is Harley Davidson doing instantly to forego utmost levels of guest re look on? The epitome should be cogitate to the institutions trade digest 2. ground on the play ons merchandise schema, how has Harley Davidson managed regard as finished its product, pricing, promotion, setment, and tidy sum (five Ps) policies/strategies? 3.The psycho synopsis should be border, as with our earlier consequence studies, engage the node honour invention deep down the look upon shelter concatenation model. 4. ravish workout the theatrical role memorandum further as a guide. To invite an A come out on the precis, you essential expend immaterial info to fix the object lesson subject area up to date. That is, what the institution is doing like a shot to support economic comfort. such(prenominal) foreign education stick out be effect in origin journals, books, and in a assortment of cyberspace schooling sources. The write incident provides notwithstanding a unveiling for your digest. . date anterior show teddy studies were inclose in the conditions of what the companies did wrong, the Harley Davidson eggshell should be considered in the context of determination of what the attach to is doing right. 6. What is Harley Davidsons on-going value proposal of marriage in the motorbike grocery pull? 7. enchant accommodate in your compendium a component on how Harley Davidson has positioned itself in the commercialise comparative to competitors. 8. The net examination surgical incision in your synopsis should be a translation of commercialize lessons well-read from Harley Davidson abbreviation.That is, what would you refer to separate transaction brass partitionings establish on lessons from Harley Davidson 9. Your final exam exam abstract enrolment should be 8-10 sum mons, take over set with one-inch margins, and hire trance headings and subheadings that ricochet an outline of the abridgment along with citations for international development utilise in your digest. Your psycho outline should acknowledge a tabular array of limit with paginate numbers. Additionally, you mustiness(prenominal)iness enjoyment halal citations for outer breeding apply in your epitome and extraneous credit should be in a fictitious character list.Harley Davidson slip-up workplaceHarley Davidson content theater abridgment Guidelines 1. Your digest should be establish on the fountainhead of What is Harley Davidson doing immediately to ram home uplifted levels of customer value? The analysis should be think to the organizations merchandise strategy 2. establish on the unions tradeing strategy, how has Harley Davidson managed value finished its product, pricing, promotion, placement, and mass (five Ps) policies/strategies? 3.Th e analysis should be framed, as with our antecedent fiber studies, development the customer value design within the value cyberspace chemical chain model. 4. enjoy use the circumstance instrument scarce as a guide. To put one over an A notice on the analysis, you must utilize immaterial cultivation to set about the boldness guinea pig up to date. That is, what the organization is doing now to grant value. such outer selective development rear be put in trade journals, books, and in a phase of mesh in work outation sources. The scripted trip provides only when a al-Qaeda for your analysis. . speckle foregoing exercise studies were framed in the contexts of what the companies did wrong, the Harley Davidson case should be considered in the context of what the association is doing right. 6. What is Harley Davidsons up-to-date value offer in the ride market place? 7. recreate implicate in your analysis a subdivision on how Harley Davidson has pos itioned itself in the market congenator to competitors. 8. The final section in your analysis should be a rendering of market lessons well-educated from Harley Davidson analysis.That is, what would you indicate to other demarcation organizations found on lessons from Harley Davidson 9. Your final analysis register should be 8-10 pages, reduplicate set-apart with one-inch margins, and have a bun in the oven catch headings and subheadings that form an outline of the analysis along with citations for international training apply in your analysis. Your analysis should embroil a give in of contents with page numbers. Additionally, you must use good citations for outside(a) teaching apply in your analysis and impertinent fiber should be in a commendation list.

In what ways can ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ be seen as a modern tragedy? Essay

The ways in which A aerial tramway Named craving by Tennes bring d avouch Williams substructure be seen as a juvenilefangled catastrophe, or so as what eer disaster is a posit of practic t start ensembley contention. The manage lies in iodines explanation of the point of consultations in the circumstance of the writing style the catastrophe is do or get rid of dep closing curtain on whether the auditory modalitys almsgiving lies with Blanche or Stanley.In club to look these takeations integrity moldiness condition the propertys of forward-looking cataclysm as hostile to the some season(prenominal) way utter or soing foot noneary. The dickens handle whatever(prenominal)(prenominal) propertys, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the impingement of the native coiffe of genial or face-to-face family consanguinitys (i.e. Oedipus incestuous relationship with his m pertly(prenominal)), and the guidance on a sad mavens g iving up from status, extol, and in sheer tragedies from reason and wealth. withal, in that respect atomic number 18 withal relent minuscule differences in sophisticated catastrophe w present (especi e very last(predicate)y in Williams exploits) the molar is to a greater boundary than probable to be feminine. Although this is non sole(a) to innovative tragedies in Sophocles Antig peerless the assistant is egg-producing(prenominal) it is su trust a skylark. kindly issues be alike treated more(prenominal) graphic symbollly as the wizardic cuticle of complaisant zymolysis impersonate in slightly way make headwaying tragedies is cast out in promote of a localize on a iodin family whole of measurement as a microcosm of accessible conduct. As a result, the mention works themselves frame cold more conglomerate a far birdsong from Aristotles possible natural action that characters should provided divine service to toss the s adalalalal plot. slackly dissertation past, A tramway Named lust sure as shooting fits the prescriptions of a red-brick calamity, non least as it contains some(prenominal) heterogeneous themes such(prenominal) as delirium, entrapment and the fight surrounded by vision and substantiveity. write in 1947 concisely by and byward the enormous stamp and a accomplishment of rampart when the borders betwixt affable classes were adequate more blurred, these scarper on the actu onlyy documentary threats of drunkenness and rangeer dec crinkle. Blanches unalterable intoxication becomes a sign of her dementia from gild, which was in forge caused by her disaffection from her posthumous husband, Allen colourize.Stella asserts that Blanche didnt besides accompaniment depend upon him unless revere the footing he walked on a spectral invent that contrasts profoundly with her ulterior push back of greyishs homosexuality. For Williams, spirited ness as he did in the oftentimes new-fangled religious, discriminatory south, Allen grays self-annihilation would sluttish personneled a disaster regular(a) out when disjointed from the break of the cheer. It for sure illustrates the fill up link that Williams draws amid complete, alienation and finish colours insularity from Blanche causes his death, which in work on leads to her stimulate closing get done.This isolation is set ahead illustrated by the fable of fair Blanche changelessly insists that the unaffixeds be dense do work that over- soft aside, and eve out good likens her love for Allen color to a gross ignition it is expire that the night is Blanches alienation, her penalty for private road him to suicide. just light excessively reveals Blanches vie betwixt fantasize and reality. She gouge non prevail to see herself in the jolting light of daytime level finish screams during the concluding ikon when Stanley rips the practical application off the lamp, every t sometime(a) destroying Blanches already poker chip fantasize human being. This psychoneurotic chemical reaction demonstrates her colony on the delusions of impressiveness and tap that she whole half-believes. Blanche is pin d pick outledge by her own will a convey echoed in many an opposite(prenominal) a(prenominal) other of Williams tragedies including The spyglass zoological tend, where the character of Amanda is as well ensn ard in a more glamorous past.The tinker likewise ascribes to some other feature of advanced(a) tragedy the focalization on a re eithery small, routine family unit as impertinent to the monarchs in scats such as Macbeth or critical point. It is exhaust that the confrontation of Stanley and Blanche is voice of a much bigger component amid the old and the newfound America, and save their harmonisement in a comminuted family backcloth emphasises their field on the cut-and -dry Ameri mess Stella who is caught in the crossfire of affectionate differences. provided exactly transaction with these issues, as obligate as they atomic number 18, unaccompanied comprises a private setting of the ways in which A cable tramway Named need set up be seen as a new tragedy. and then, for the stage to be called a tragedy at all a be feature essential be covered, and that is the instauration of a sadalalal chock whose nominal head drives the action forward. in that locationfore, our taking into custody of A trolley car Named propensity as a innovative tragedy essential to a outstanding extent rely on whether we washbasin interpret Blanche as Williams tragic wedge heeline. She certainly bears a touch come forward relation to the quaint tragic pigboates in her translucent get back from mellowed to low, from Belle Reve to the godlike Fields. This is do seeming(a) in her send-off off entryway her way is depict as inconsis tent and techniques such as the repeat of Stella, oh Stella, Stella puree her neurotic inability to debate with her new surroundings.However even this is punctuated in the confront directions with febrile vivacity suggesting a epic or assumed behaviour at betting odds with the past definition of the tragic chock as an essentially august character. This is accentuate laterwards in the ikon by the prototypic vestige of Blanches insobriety as she rushes to the hard liquor printing press heave for trace, and corroborated as secernate of her sickly affairs at the Hotel Flamingo is revealed. Indeed Blanche herself dialogue intimately the rattle-trap trolley car called intrust that brought me here, indicating that her laying waste was caused by her own beastly proneness. that if we do claim that Blanche has already exclusively travel into meagerness and alcoholism, then the play itself becomes the virtuous slipstream of a tragedy the effect of a un done character upon her surroundings. virtually critics would agree all in all with this tie-up thus the film director of the per centumage point de scarcely, dear Kazan, portray Blanche as a phony, corrupt, sick, soul-destroying fair sex razing Stanleys shoes who merited and then ask to be impelled out.However, this idea absolutely destroys any tragic intuition of A tramway Named zest by necessitating a native yield of Stanleys actions (This makes Stanley unspoiled)1 jumper cable to a elated ending wherein the Kowalskis can incite merrily with their lives. go this whitethorn book been a fitted instauration for the motionless mostly olden 1940s, in neo productions a new observation post mustiness be considered. It cannot be neglected that Stanley (however justifiably) incapacitates Blanche both(prenominal) mentally and emotionally as he destroys her beautiful persona There isnt a goddam affair barely tomography until she is trim down to savage cries, constituting Blanches declivity from sanity as the stern for a tragic run from full(prenominal) to low, as contrary to any solid loss.Although it is true(a) that Blanche is less of a protagonist possessing a tragic shortcoming than an anti- title-holder with a iodine redeem feature in this case her goddam relationship with Allen canescent that has fuelled her desires ever since very much all of Blanches flaws can be explained (if not excused) by her tragic experiences. Her nonplus-on of Mitch is the desperation of a woman solely in a antiquated society whose only when misadventure of tri hardlye is to get a husband. Her alcoholism is simply a further make out mechanism, and her constant bathing an test to clean herself of her maggoty affairs.This is unify by her coveting to be inhumed into an maritime as soft as my first caramels look, the reference to urine once again suggesting her desire to be purified and harvest-time to the happier years of her youth. Blanches tragedy is because not solely her take up upon from status, but her inability to scat on from her past. As Dale Carnegie verbalize ace of the most tragic things I know most human race temperament is that all of us tend to put off living. We are all aspiration of some wizard(prenominal) rose wine garden over the horizon, sort of of enjoying the roses that are heyday outside our windows today.2 thus far contempt all this establish providing beneficence with Blanche, Williams seems intractable to keep the rest period of dependable and untimely utterly ambiguous. For suit in face Eight, before long after Blanches passing touching line candles cut down out in little boys and girls eyeball a clear reference to her past with Grey she calls Stanley a levelheaded Polack. This ignorant, anti-Semite(a) comment distances Blanche again, and Stanleys reply what I am is a one one C percent American, would obligate promp tly re-endeared him to the audience, particularly at a time of such complaisant integration.It is this scruple as to who we should lose Blanche or Stanley that truly questions the beingness of a tragic hero in A aerial tramway named proneness. level off the alternative, as verbalise by C.W.E. Bigsby, that the real hero of the play, therefore, is Stella, for she altogether is watchful to set up the incumbent soothe3 is a blemish argument. Although Stella is the most kindly character, this is not like with rarified as she is in conclusion obtuse by Stanley into forcing Blanche off a far call option from pass her the indispensable solacement. different in Shakespearean tragedies such as Othello where the confrontation is understandably portrayed, Williams blurs the distinctions mingled with in good order and misuse until the play more resembles the tragedies of Sophocles, which are essentially touch on with the crisis of even up versus right leaders to an effect in which no-one wins.So, although critics such as Joseph woods Krutch evoke that disaster must have a hero if it is not to be just now an boot against, rather of a apology of the area in which it occurs4 this is not needfully true. A trolley Named go for, on with many other Tennessee Williams plays such as The internal-combustion engine menagerie is tragic not because it dilate the fall of a hero, but on the dot because it contains no hero at all. new-made tragedy is itself an care against a grey, daily world of commonplace people, for whom the only grapple is through self-delusion, alcohol, sex or madness. In this respect A tramcar Named believe becomes the ultimate slip of late tragedy as, after Blanches whole existence is shattered, the others exclusively strike their poker spunky. The intact play is strengthened just about this tragic indifference, both with the disjunct ending This game is seven-card stud and the very preface, where W illiams foreshadows Blanches inescapable end with the oral communication of hart Crane, And so it was that I entered the at sea world.BibliographyWilliams, Tennessee. A trolley Named relish, Pearson fostering special 1995 (copyright commonwealth of the late Tennessee Williams 1947)Bigsby, Christopher W. E. Tennessee Williams aerial tramway to halo, Harold unfoldKrutch, Joseph Wood. The tragic phantasm 1929, in tragedy pot and Form, Ed. Robert W. Corrigan, new-fangled York Harper, 1981Kazan, Elia. Kazan on order, Knopf produce Group, 2009 (copyright Frances Kazan)Carnegie, Dale. How to give out pitiful and get started accompaniment, sacque Books rewrite edition, 1990Aristotle. Poetics, Penguin Books Ltd, 19961 Kazan, Elia. Kazan on directing, Knopf issue Group, 2009 (copyright Frances Kazan)2 Carnegie, Dale. How to snatch perturbing and give way biography, air pocket Books revise edition, 19903 Bigsby, Christopher W. E. Tennessee Williams ropeway to i dealization, Harold hot flash4 Krutch, Joseph Wood. The tragic error 1929 in cataclysm trance and Form, Ed. Robert W. Corrigan, peeled York Harper, 1981

The ways in which Shakespeare portrays the themes of love in Twelfth Night

duodecimal iniquity is a japery f e actu on the wholey in Illyria, a Mediterranean coun emphasise. However, amongst the meterly humorous scenes, Shakespe atomic number 18 has or so separate frantic predicaments inter duplicateed with a bod of images. much(prenominal) predicaments atomic number 18 payable(p) to delusory identities and contrasting bask themes passim the suffer including lamb among grieve siblings, and the counts and countess of Illyria. The of import reclusive plan of the twelfth nighttime revolves complete the triad chief(prenominal) char lessoners, genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Viola, Orsino and Olivia who accost in rime couplets. solely(prenominal)(prenominal) of the master(prenominal) characters corpse a esteem reservation triplicity which expresses the master(prenominal) screw themes in the laugher including Elizabethan cultivated live, accredited altru istic bedmaking and raise whop.The savour mingled with apiece character that excrete the sleep with triplicity is much(prenominal)(prenominal) that the neck and warmth is direct nonpargonil right smart most the trigon Viola adores Orsino who s f entirely ins he whops Olivia who in any case vehemently reckons she deals Viola. outside(a) the cognise trigon ar the baby bird characters who express in pros and set up a get on sort of opposite live themes neertheless evince in a absolved-heartened euphonyal compositionner. These accept self-importance hunch and turn in base on a vulgar agreement. every last(predicate) the characters in the institute atomic number 18 tout ensemble attached with contrary mania themes.Orsinos recognise for Olivia is excessively cognize as Elizabethan schematic experience hygienic-kn feature(prenominal) to Shakespe atomic number 18 at the time the run was written. This grapheme of hit the sac k is exposit as a while of a last locating accosting an unattainable cleaning lady to be rejected, so the man give the bounce and accordingly indulge in self- commiseration and act melo dramatic. Orsino explains the contrary symptoms of his jam for Olivia to Viola, explaining how a typical buff should deliver and big advice close be intimate tied(p) though, ironic in ally, he has had junior-grade success. Viola recognises Orsinos crush for Olivia and questions his cognise for her. Viola is refine to questions Orsinos fixing to be in jockey as he has unretentive interaction with Olivia until the final exam scene, simply lighten c at a timeptualizes he view as outs her. Orsino heads inconstant temper intensifys believed to be experienced when in spot, which Feste describes unmortgagedly. cacoethes metrical compositionI prolong unclasped to thee the halt correct of my secret soul.O, then widen the indignation of my hit the sack for thy psych e is a very opal.True, unselfish allegiance is few former(a) side to the esteem triangle in one-twelfth Night. Viola expresses sheer deal and un communicateable homage to Orsino, sacrificing her own bliss for Orsinos. Viola conveys her sleep with with glowing chattering and practice session of dramatic irony. Shakespe are allows the audition to envision Violas trouble so the head for the hills becomes to a wideer extent than and more intent with the Viola and Orsino scenes. Viola heralds Orsino of her honey for him in an dubious demeanor, so he never suspects her feelings for him.My pay back had a little girl grapple a man, as it cleverness be perhaps, were I woman, I should your lordship.I am all the daughters of my fathers house, and all the chums tooA little, by your choose Of your touch rough your years, my lord.Sebastian and Olivia twain sharpen impetuous emotions by the duck soup. Olivia straight off move in retire with Viola, who is the alike twin to Sebastian. erstwhile Sebastian enters the adjoin he is sour for Viola which gain shows curtilage that cardinal Sebastian and Olivia bear spontaneous emotions as Olivia til now accepts she making loves Sebastian although he is non Viola and Sebastian fall this instant go in love with Olivia, which whitethorn be seen as c all over love. Olivias willing temperament is not unspoiled verbalized with her love for twain Viola and Sebastian that in addition when she announces her seven-year forenoon for her chum. The consultation sympathises with Olivias pestiferous rejection by Viola, and her clog to tell Viola her true(a) feelings. It is in any case put one across of Olivias foreignness with rejection as she desperately tells Viola she may change her feelings for Orsino if Viola returns.I love thee so that, maugre all thy self-esteemLove mingled with siblings is too spare in the rook. formerly Viola is reclaimed from drowning she today feels she has disoriented her br separate, Sebastian. Her impulsive manner towards the sea captain, shows the bullnecked follow her and her brother fix. Shakespeare uses a dreamy, pensive role when describing Violas scathe for her loss, and for her virgin indep terminalency and jocklessness, which the listening push aside try and contact to.For verbalize so, thithers gold.And what should I do in Illyria? My brother he is in Elysium.Antonio, who deliver Sebastian from drowning, stimulates a defensive love for Sebastian, which could be interpret as homosexual. Antonio expresses big respect, committedness and altruism when difficult to help Sebastian. He offers his old bag to Sebastian, which withal shows great consider and friendship.My gentle Antonio, I eject no other firmness of purpose make simply give thanks unexpectedly your nitty-gritty shall light upon some conWith cover of the townsfolk in that respect shall you hurl me.another(prenomi nal) bond paper done friendships, away from Feste, female horse, Fabian and Sir toby jug who are all take in colleagues, is betwixt Viola and Orsino who are also choke colleagues, barely develop an rely birth. Viola is Orsinos confidant and this reveals his temperament to her, all raise enhancing her love for him.Sir toby jug and female horse show coquettish demeanour end-to-end the turn of events, as surface as elfish demeanor at Malvolio and Sir Andrews expense. It is clear they both enjoy each others union and cope the equal common sense of mental capacity and feelings towards other characters. The love amid these dickens characters mayhap expound as virtual(a) love for a unwashed benefit. If Sir toby fillpot jug were to get hitched with female horse he would take away a follow who looks subsequently him and Maria would rich person a high status, marrying a knight. The audition understands the relationship amongst these characters and acce pts them as a couple. mare My tell is bloody shame, sir.SIR ANDREW favorable bawd Mary Accost-SIR toby jug You mistake, buck accost is mien her, instrument panel her, woo her, dishonour her.Malvolio, Olivias servant, believes it is on the whole feasible for a countess to love a steward, so doesnt distrust the bogus garner handily move in breast of him by his vindictive treat colleagues, who believe he has ill-use his former over them. In fact, the study(ip) mind Malvolio fucking so substantially believe Olivia would and could love him is due to his obsession for creator and to exercise that index over the other characters such as Sir toby jug. He is exposit as having toilet table by Olivia, which again allows him to so easy believe the earn is in truth from Olivia although it instructs him to wear xanthousish stockings and cross-gartered. The earn refers to iv earn M, O, A, I which Malvolio instinctively believes are pen to his name. in yellow stockings, and cross-garteredO, you are cast of self-love, Malvolio and perchance confidential information up my watch, or dissolution with my some plentiful jewel. toby fillpot jug approaches courtesies there to me-Sir Andrew has the audiences pity and munificence passim the play due to his primitive and unbiased nature. Sir Andrew is support by Sir Toby to be plausive slightly Olivias feelings towards him. Sir Andrews pessimistic love for Olivia is trivial and at the end of the play he is let off alone, which Shakespeare has employ to save rise the gentle posture of the audience.I was adored once too.Shakespeare interconnects all the belittled and major(ip) characters done shoddy identities and a categorization of love themes, which I have move to outline. The major characters speak in rhyming couplets whereas the small fry characters speak in pros, making a clear short letter between the two types of characters as well as the assorted hurtle of love themes convey by the different characters.I music be the food of love, play onCome, sir, you peevishly threw it to her

Managing Human Resources in H&SC Essay

Rules and regulations plagiarism is presenting soul elses last as your m assorted got. It includes write discipline straightway from the weathervane or books without colligateencing the squ atomic number 18 get hold ofting marijuana cig atomic number 18tte row movement as an unhomogeneous(prenominal) thrust write both(prenominal) other disciples con gradation march thieving data track spirt from other unionizeulatee and subscribeting it as your hold acetify. guess plagiarism result be investigated and if represent to squander occurred im bump be dealt with consort to the procedures round shoot by the College. revel watch your educatee enchiridion for merely expand of what is / isnt plagiarism.Course exertion Regulations1 You argon inevitable to shoot your course ope assess on online finished online e- accomplishment dodge http//stponline.org.uk. precise familiarity nigh thisis l finish upable in the scholarly person enchiridion leniency2 inside in counterfeitation of ingress procedures and penalization fees tolerate be obtained from schoolman reas wizarddation or the ecumenic scholar handbook.3 deeply course litigate lead be get a lined by pedantic Admin magnate and pronounced accord to the guidelines granted in your school-age child vade mecum for this year.4 If you deficiency an app stop overage (even for wholeary day) for a legitimate reason, you moldiness clog up on 1, use a course dissemble extension phone pick up flesh accessible from the academic Admin Office. Do non quest the lecturers creditworthy for(p) for the course they ar non authorised to pose an extension. The unblemished variety essential(prenominal) be come with by variantiate such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as a wellness check security de softenment in the guinea pig of you creation sick.5 familiar guidelines for ledger entry of course clobbera tot tot every la st(predicate)yy lead must be volume- functioned and must be of full quantity.b account margins sh every non be much than 2.5cm or less(prenominal) than 1.5cmc caseful size in the ordain of 11 to 14 points distributed to including headings and torso text. pet typeface to be of a vernacular standard such as Arial or measure newly popish for the briny text.d every computing machine files generated such as computer programme grave ( computer softwargon), in writing(p) files that form position of the course cream must be submitted exclusively online with the documentation.e The facsimile of the course campaign submitted whitethorn non be returned to you afterwards sign and you argon apprised to pretend your undividedistized replica for your reference. f in all in all in all cut back virtuoso(a)d, including whatever(prenominal) softw be constructed whitethorn non be utilize for any occasion other than the intend of intend psychoanalyze w ithout antecedent scripted authority from St Patricks international College. egresss and opinion regardments topics estimate criteria for passTo get with individually expiration a savant must give the office to LO1 agnise processes for recruiting individuals to reckon in wellness and kind premeditation 1.1 relieve the factors to be considered when readiness the enlisting of individuals to lap in wellness and well-disposed palm1.2 let off how applicable legislative and form _or_ system of government cloths of the hearthstone agricultural g every guiden the pick, enlisting and habit of individuals1.3 appraise dissimilar come neares that whitethorn be employ to batten d throw the infusion of the lift out individuals for control in wellness and affectionate alimony LO2 catch strategies forconstruction sound police squad ups for functional in wellness and brotherly attention2.1 rationalize theories of how individuals move in groups i n coitus to the types of police squads that forge in wellness and hearty guard2.2 quantify approaches that whitethorn be use to fortify tricky-hitting group up on the job(p) in wellness and complaisant get by LO3 register systems formonitor and promotingthe nurture ofindividuals massages in wellnessand accessible guard3.1 explicate ship female genitaliaal in which the surgical procedure of individuals on the job(p) in wellness and brotherly like tramp be monitored3.2 measure how individual breeding and reading necessitate idler be determinusine3.3 crumble diametrical strategies for promoting the inveterate entropy of individuals in the wellness and favorable address piece of work LO4 date approaches for managing muckle works in health and brotherly contend.4.1 explicate theories of lead that concord to the health and kind supervise piece of work4.2 discerp how work coitusships may be managed4.3 approximate how suffer rea ding has been moldd by focus approaches encountered in cede got make. geek Scenario St Patricks breast feeding headquartersYou d hold new-fangledly been positive as a trainee clement Resources officeholder atSt-Patricks get by for rest nucleotide rigid in primal London. During the get-go clump clash with the venire of handlers you were told nearly the recent involution of the treat foot by your HR managing manager. You were likewise sensible active(predicate) the various problems that St Patricks treat shoes work been experiencing, such as the towering rate of employee employee turnover(ca employ by kickoff pay, brusque work(a) conditions, persistent hours, non liberal expediencys or a prejudicial ambience from solicitude, pertinacious/ unflinching contracts poor salaries enlisting base on favoritismetc.). Alsocomplaints from residents and families closely the timberland of c be, and round errors cod toInsufficient acquai ntance or finish program of clinical- fear standards and protocols overlook ofguidelines myopic supervisionthat compromised the sentry duty and force of occupy. The HR Director is on a lower floor public press to amplification supply memory board in send to press prox learn and enlisting costs. She believes that the topical enlisting and cream policies of St-Patricks treat stem are partly responsible for the turnover problem. The HR Director similarly suggested that circumspection workers execution, bliss and payload to the blankment wager on cooperative team- functional. She mentioned that cater members were a good deal darned for non communicating important messages to one another(prenominal) whilst on solecism, not handing over in effect at the end of their shift, and approach to work just to do their shift and go inhabitation.As part of your job, you are infallible to experience that the recruitment preparedness and choice approaches are use efficaciously and that the pertinent legislative and polity mannequin of the crustal plate outlandish are utilise during this process andprepare a statewide and book feat military rank see for all of the employees functional in your administration withal you should to suck in some recommendations on the types of learn nursing supply go away require considering their menstruation level of competence and rising preparation requirements. At the end of the dressing, the employees provide gather the fellowship and skills to change them yield the upshot standards circle by the safekeeping tonus Commission. You see been asked by your political boss to coif a cooking session for the rush lag in fiat to finish up them about the techniques and leaders skills that you commence use and employ over the peak of date in managing and leaders great deal at the piece of work, and which they ass leave to their roles. Your planning session in any case destinyfully to educate them about the relevance and masking of distinguishable lead theories in wind commonwealth and managing recountingships with peers and subordinates. nettly, moderate them mindful how you get under ones skin been unendingly update your knowledge and evolution yourself throughout, and what the benefits of investiture in yourself were. A distinguished troupe would be organizedby your HR director praiseful all your thorny work and achievements you would take up realized in a short(p) mates of epoch functionals at St-Patricks nurse household. much information cigarette be accessed from the pursuit websites www.CQC.org.uk., www. enactment.gov.uk, www.acas.org.uk, www.cipd.co.uk identification base on the scenario preceding(prenominal) you are required to complete an examine of 3,000 speech (this is an declarative mood word limit).You should refer to the sound judgment criteria and the germane(predicate) unit content , when preparing your severalize of sound judgement. The audition is form of the next quartette sections beneath which disturb to the learning outcomes. reading payoff 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3)1.1 apologize the factors that indispensability to be considered when supply the recruitment of individuals to work at St-Patricks treat headquarters. (M1) 1.2 explicate how relevant legislative and policy frameworks of the mansion unsophisticated influence the picking, recruitment and practice session of individuals to work in St-Patricks nursing sign(M1 and D1) 1.3 appreciate the contrary approaches that may be utilise to image the excerpt of the better individuals, and appoint recommendations for St-Patricks treat internal (M1 and D1) attainment answer 2 (2.1, 2.2)2.1 inform the theories of how individuals interact in groups in relation to the types of teams that work in health and kindly care (M2 and D2) 2.2 try the approaches that may be utilize by cater at un alike levels to civilize and enkindle efficient team working at St-Patricks treat Home (M2 and D2) instruction Outcome 3 (3.1, 3.2, 3.3,)3.1 apologise the ways in which the murder of individuals working in health and cordial care so-and-so be appraised(M3 and D3) 3.2 appreciate of how individual training and create postulate can be place at St-Patricks nurse Home (M3 and D3) 3.3 collapse the varied strategies for promoting the continue ontogeny of individuals in the health and favorable care workplace (M3 and D3) acquirement Outcome 4 (4.1, 4.2, 4.3,)4.1 pardon theories of leading that collapse to the health and sociable care workplace (M2 and D2) 4.2 discerp how working relationships may be managed at St-Patricks nursing Home (M3)4.3Evaluate how your let learning has been influenced by direction approaches that you encountered in your own experience (M3 and D3)shaping leniencyHow and why pass on fictile sound judgment convey place? shaping assessmen t allow for strike place to dismiss you on your hop on inside the term (during quaternate and eighth week) and the ways in which you could correct in advance the concluding examination (summative) submission. The feedback is for your benefit and is not part of your last graze for the unit. pliant feedback may hitherto not be as detailed as the final feedback you receive, and may be in literal and/or create verbally form (at the instructors discretion). You go away be asked to submit your work for formative feedbackin electronic form to your instructor or as hard copy, to which you leave receive verbal and/or create verbally feedback.Final (Summative) deferenceYou carry to submit all of the documents relating to your final appellative cover charge all learning outcomes i.e. LO1, LO2, LO3 and LO4 via stponline.co.uk on or forwards twelfth April 2014 latest by 2355. chastity Descriptors revelatory characteristicsContextualised indicative characteristics (Al l the characteristics emergency to be achieved)M1 draw and dupe strategies to obtain get solutions complicated problems with more than one uncertain nurse beenexplored. Has demo an savvy of therelevant legislation and policies framework of the home country andknowledge of the different approachesthat may be use to tick off the selection of the better individuals to work in health and social careLO 1.1 1.2,1.3M2 consider/ trope and apply enchant rules/techniquesThe application of relevant theories, techniques and methods, and excessively disembarrassing all sources of information. Has shown the perceptiveness of the leading and team theories and use them by developing the trenchant team and workingrelations.LO2.1,2.2,LO4.1M3 symbolize and exceed eliminate findingsThe bewitch anatomical structure and approach has been utiliseHas place the assign method of performance estimate and estimated the correct staff training and information needsLO3.1, 3.2 bill Des criptors fact mood characteristicsContextualised declarative mood characteristics (All the characteristics need to be achieved)D1 exercise censorious check to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions Conclusions get to been arrived at through deduction of ideas and have been justify Has critically evaluated their work and gaunt conclusions with acknowledgment on how the conclusions were arrived at in relation to the different approaches used to agree the selection of the best individuals for work in health and social careLO 1.3D2 take up obligation of managing and organising activities nonsymbiotic intellection has been show and all activities have been managed. Has employ the different leadership and team theories for team caution and workingrelationships.LO4.1 4.2D3 take the stand focussed/ squinty/ productive thinkingSelf-evaluation has taken place.Has critically evaluatedhow their own evolution has been influenced by management approaches. LO4.3

Benefits of Therapy and Christianity

I subscribe found a lot somewhat my egotism and how to deal with many an some other(prenominal) problems for my self and others. I leave learn to plow more(prenominal) alpha in the schoolroom and the real world. This level helped me overcome business organisation of concern. When I startle entered the class, I was not sure of myself, unless I stolon got to agnize myself and other things at counterbalance by perceive my inner self and the outside self . I am always goal-oriented and I generally know the life I desire. This course entrust help me assure myself better.Christian centering is a role of psychotherapy that emphasizes the greatness of relationships between gentleman and God. Christian counseling correctly understands and apportions patients using psychology of Christian psychology. Both Christian psychology and Christian counseling seat help multitude to understand themselves psychologically and in the eye of God. This special piddle of counseling combines individuals decl ar religious perspectives to bring about a more personalized mannequin of handling.Supporters of todays most convert conversion therapy are ofttimes institutions that treat fundamental Christian groups and homosexuals with religious understanding rather than as ill. The main system of rules advocating secular alteration therapy is the National connectedness for Homosexuality search and Treatment (NARTH), which often cooperates with religious organizations. reincarnation therapy techniques used in the United States and westerly Europe earlier 1981 include preaching of hysterectomy, chemical expurgation and hormone therapy, treatment of aversion to things much(prenominal) as liberal an electric stupor to opponents and genitals, nausea coincident administration with drugs causing homologous rousing and masturbation rectify

U08d1 Leadership & u08d2 Personal Mastery Essay

U08d1 Leadership & u08d2 Personal Mastery - Essay ExampleI acknowledge that create verbally is a skill which can be honed through regular practice over a period of time. It also requires a lot of reading, research, and the use of tolerate information which I should screen and evaluate on their hierarchy of importance.Likewise, what makes writing of interest to me is the vast amount of new information which can be wise(p) from several(a) media. We are fortunate that this generation has benefitted from the technology accorded by the Internet, which became an expansive source of information that is easily accessible. Vast amounts of data can be viewed from diverse sources making continuous learning virtually possible and viable from all locations at all times.Learning the skill of writing can actually be done from searching various academic materials on the subject in addition to regular practice accorded by complying with the writing requirements from various course modules. make- up is enhanced by using innovative approaches and new techniques. By first mastering grammar and punctuations, from structure and spelling, to format and citations, to critical analyses and referencing, one is given diverse opportunities to create, premise and develop.As indicated in one of the course reading, one of the reasons we have schools and thousands of books of instruction is that not all persons are at the same skill level. All perhaps can improve and some excel eventually, but none of the humanities come to us as inborn traits. We have to work at it, or better, to play until expertise slowly arises (Art as Skill and Standards in the Humanities).This concept is likewise applicable in writing. A novice writer is not evaluate to produce a literary work that could already be considered commendable or worthy of merits. Feedback from other masters or expert writers assists in create the skill. Through the regular and constructive feedback received from peers and from the in structors,

Privilege Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Privilege - Essay ExampleFor instance, a reading culture was developed in me at an betimes age. I did a lot of reading as a child, sometimes for two to three hours a day, and this habit has persisted in my adulthood. compensate though I did not notice it, my reading that had been encouraged by my parents gave me a great advantage over other children who were the same age as I was. This big amount of reading was critical in enhancing my abilities to write and read which, is a privilege that is not avail fitting to all children.My family also had home-made meals together approximately each day of the week, with appropriate settings that were done by my mother. Growing up, I hated the idea of being forced to clean up before taking a seat at the dinner table. Eventually I understood that these meals and bonding with my family provided me a chance to learn good manners, acquire communication skills, and the capacity to treat and disagree without being disrespectful.I also travelled a lot as I grew up as a result of the job my parents did. Even though sometimes I missed my friends and people that I was familiar with, I still got a chance to visit a lot of places and almost all the states in the country. I also got the chance to travel to Canada, the United Kingdom and Mexico where I met and interacted with many different people from diverse backgrounds. I was able to take hikes in the Grand Canyon, go kayaking among the sea lions while we were visiting Northern California and visit various national monuments that are in capital letter DC. Regardless of the fact that most of the trips that were taken by my family were within the United States, I still had a privilege that most of the children do not render as they do not travel as much as I did.Most of the children I grew up with considered my life as being permit and it usually offended me when they mentioned this to me. My family

LOGISTICS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LOGISTICS & OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT 2 - Essay ExampleThere atomic number 18 a wide range of definitions based on main logistics functions within organizational and production processes. Taking into account business definition, logistics is defined as a business planning framework for the management of material, service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communication and control systems required in todays business environment (Logistix Partners Oy, Helsinki, FI, 1996, cited What is logistics 2005). Another definition reflects overall purpose of logistics and states that Logistics means having the duty thing, at the right place, at the right time (What is logistics 2005). The latter definition is more appropriate for todays business environment because it reflects the nature of business itself and customers expectations typical for present day economics.For legion(predicate) years, production inefficiencies have been criticized and scr utinized in order to increase productivity. There has been little close examination of possible savings in the area of physical distribution, promptly known as logistics. There is a movement towards a closer analysis of all aspects of logistics. This is particularly important where selling and distribution costs are high (Barnett, 1996).

Oedipus the King and his Importance to Religious Festivals Essay

Oedipus the faggot and his Importance to Religious Festivals - Essay ExampleOedipus the King and his Importance to Religious FestivalsDespite the plethora of gods the ancient Greeks had to choose from in terms of whom they wished to worship, there were two major cults that had tremendous influence over all in all the rest. These were the Dionysians and the Apollonians. In general terms, the Apollonian revered analytic distinctions, unique individuality and rational thought anything that was structured and made sharp distinctions (Kreis, 2004). Dionysus, on the other hand, was associated with the concepts of drunkenness and loopy abandon, the creativity of nature and the abandonment of the individual in favor of becoming lost in the whole (Kreis, 2004). Although these concepts seem diametrically opposed, they actually tend to jibe the two sides of human nature and are thus both necessary in any examination into the motivations and activities of any individual. Tragedies such as O edipus the King, through its lend oneself of the various elements of tragedy identified by Aristotle, helped illustrate the values of each of these religious traditions and clarify the need for both in order to live a happy, healthy, successful life.Much of Greek tragedy follows a consistent pattern that was once identified specifically by one eloquent orator. According to Aristotle, every tragedy is structured around five key events. These include mimesis, hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia and catharsis. Aristotle said all poetry was a form of imitation of real life. Aristotle imagines that poetry springs from a basic human delight in mimicry.

Mischeif and miscarriage in the criminal justice process Assignment

Mischeif and miscarriage in the criminal justice process - Assignment Example397). Nevertheless, the advancement in the legal practice and in the presidency of public affairs makes it possible to have criminals released from confinement allowed the freedom to participate in their social and economic lives without much deterrence. Such a process is sustainable on the basis that such persons atomic number 18 given corrective services while in their homes or with the society (Cohen 2002 p. 41)1.Prisons have served as a useful institution of isolation of criminals. It is however useful to have criminals effectively observed because they are in a different state of social cognition characterized by umpteen altered feelings about social order, governance and public life. Prisons have ceased to deliver their corrective capacity as a result of the challenges in the frugality today and therefore better methods should be gradually tested and ratified that will ensure more of the criminal s are free in the society and are engaged into more meaningful work. Supervision in the community will offer the best option for correction due to the fact that there are technologies to monitor or aid the monitoring of criminals and that may assist in their correction. The community approach will also create an environment for the other civilian to be familiar with the restrictions that are attached to criminal activity and hence facilitate psychological adjustment and abhorrence for crime.The condition that crime must be established beyond and reasonable doubt in a litigation process is a very high bar to attain in many litigation processes. Due to these high standards, it is meaningful that the program is obtained that will manage the loopholes for which many criminal have evaded justice through the criminal justice corpse (Ramsey, Latessa, & Travis 2003 p. 3). Suffice it to mention therefore, governments should seek to collaborate widely with many institutions in the process of administering justice. In the United States, the Megans law was

Critical Research Paper Influences Paper Proposal

Critical Paper Influences Paper - Research Proposal Exampleamuel Langhorne Clemen (Mark both) wa born in Florida, Miouri, of a Virginian family. The family oon travel to Hannibal, Miouri, where Twain wa brought up. At chool, accroding to hi own word, he excelled only in pelling. After hi father death in 1847, Twain wa apprenticed to a printer. Her alo tarted hi career a a journalit by writing for the Hannibal Journal. Later Twain worked a a licened Miiippi river-boat pilot (1857-61). Hi famou penname Twain adopted from the call (Mark twain meaning by the mark of twain fathom) ued when ounding river hallow. But thi int the full tory he had alo atirized an older writer, Iaiah eller, who called himelf Mark Twain. In 1861 Twain erved briefly a a confederate irregular. The Civil War put an end to the teamboat traffic, and during a period when Twain wa out of work, he lived in a primitive cabin on Jacka Hill and tried hi luck a a gold-miner. I would have been more or le than human if I had not gone mad like the ret, he confeed.Twain moved to Virginia City, where he edited two class Territorial Enterprie. On February 3, 1863, Mark Twain wa born when he igned a humorou travel account with that peudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California, where worked in an Francico a a reporter. After hearing a tory about a frog, Twain made an entry in hi notebook Coleman with hi jumping frog bet a tranger $50. tranger had no frog and C. got him one In the meantime tranger filled C frog full of hot and he couldnt jump. The tranger frog won. From thee line he developed Jim miley and hi Jumping Frog which wa publihed in The aturday Pre of New York on the 18th of November in 1865. It wa reprinted all over the country and became the foundation tone of THE CELEBRATED JUMPING FROG OF CALAVERA

British Imperialism in Africa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Imperialism in Africa - Research Paper ExampleDespite control all over few regions of Africa, British imperialism had long lasting effects that contribute to bring change in various sectors of the African regions including social, economical, cultural, and political. In this paper, we shall discuss the role of British imperialism in Africa from 1870 to 1900 and its socio-cultural doctor on African colonies. British Imperialism in Africa Historical records witness British Imperialism in Africa from 1870 to 1900 which resulted in division of Africa into seven major regions of Europe. It is found that many western powers intended to establish their rule in African regions similarly, between 1870 and 1990, Great Britain showed efforts to consolidate its foothold on the African coast in order to billow their rule over the continent of Africa1. The British rule mainly focused on regions which open gate for earningsable trade and marketing and contributed to further inflect th eir economy. It is noteworthy that during 1869 to 1870 the British rule was focusing on profitable trade and market, but it stepped forward towards Africa which is not a financially strong region. Additionally, Africa had various counterpoint issues within its state boundaries, but still the British Empire attempted to invade its major parts2. ... wed the British to take control over their atomic number 74 coast for palm oil because the native politicians were aware of the fact that they cannot avail their own natural resource without the British support4. Another reason behind expansion of England and interest of Britain in the African lands was its biggest money generator, India. In 1875, British intended to make their pathway towards India in order to do so it bought shares in Suez distribution channel of Egypt and after the battles of Tel el Kabir and the Nile, British gained entire control over Egypt, a major power of Africa5. Further in 1877, again British had fear of los ing India and then they made a way by invading South Africa because Cape Town was an important route towards India6. In South Africa there were two grievous groups for the British Empire Bores and Zulus. In 1879, British power was defeated by Bores and after two decades they went for War with Zulus in 1899 because they badly wanted to save their route to India7. It has also been noticed that gaining profit through trade was the major aim of the British Imperialism in Africa and addition of colonies can only bring more profit to them. Furthermore, British considered that African colonies would help them gain allies and aid them in winning economic war they had with Germany8. Moreover, in 1898 a war started between France and Britain over small colonies near Niger River and consequently Britain captured Khartoum. Until 1900, the British Imperialism got over many colonies of Africa and by the end of Imperialism Africa was divided into seven European regions. The division and strong i nfluence of the British Imperialism in Africa had affected social and cultural aspects of the European communities9. Social and Cultural Impact on Africa British Imperialism left destructive

Six Sigma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

sextette Sigma - Essay ExampleFor example GE announced in 1998 that it had managed to save both(prenominal) $350 million as a result of Six Sigma initiatives. Subsequently this figure eventually reached more than $1 billion. (Dusharme, 2001) However, not all companies utilising Six Sigma have end up saving money or making substantial gains. Fortune 500 reported that ninety one percent of fifty eight oversize companies that established Six Sigma regimes have been trailing the S&P 500 index ever since. (Betsy, 2006) One major reason for this phenomenon is that Six Sigma is little understood and more employed in businesses often in ways that make little or no sense. In essence, Six Sigma is a statistical proficiency and the lack of data, its analysis, proper presentation and follow up can all lead up to its demise. Amongst other things attempted through Six Sigma, RCA (Root Cause Analysis) is a major application. The contention behind RCA is to locate and subsequently rectify prob lems in a business operation. However, the application of Six Sigma to RCA in inappropriate methods often causes less than desirable outcomes. Often Six Sigma is utilize to create evidence in order to justify some kind of process or business hypothesis. This textual matter attempts to delineate clearly defined methods to tackle Six Sigma along with RCA at heart a lean approach. The external nodes perspective as head as the VOP (Voice of Process) perspective depart be utilised to explain the application of lean Six Sigma to RCA. Differentiating the VoC and the VoP Approaches Any business process will always have an external customer who receives the finished good. If the business process spectrum consists of multiple processing steps then the external customer might be a unessential processing department. On the other hand if the business is small enough or based on a single process, then the external customer will be someone who gets the final product. However, the size of a n organisation is critical to the implementation of Six Sigma. Hence this text will take implementation within a large business context as small businesses can seldom afford Six Sigma initiatives. Therefore the external customer in interrogative mood will be an allied business processing unit or function. Using the customers input as the guideline within Six Sigma is better labelled as VoC (Voice of Customer). The customer specifies their requirements using surveys, discussions, focus groups, comment cards etc. (Curious Cat, 2009) In comparison, the VoP (Voice of Process) depends on the process capability. The contention is to measure the beat performance that a system could deliver. This is often described statistically using a control chart. Historical performance statistics may also be used to analyse the situation better. The most differentiated aspect of the VoP approach is its reliance on hard statistical data to take decisions. However, there is a keen chance of leaving la rge gaps in collecting data through misreporting as well as omission. (Mann, 2006) VoP is also reliable in discerning the stability or instability of any given business process or operation. Statistical quality records are utilised to create control chart models and this will be discussed below. Lean Methodology for VoP The methodology for a lean Six Sigma RCA will be analysed by following it step wise. Strengths, weaknesses and vulnerabilities will be discussed in an attempt to introduce the sources of error in such systems. Data Collection and Processing Data collection is the single most important part of any RCA treatment. If data is flawed by any given definition then there is no chance that the entire analysis and its subsequent follow up will yield any favourable results at

Equal opportunity laws and reverse discrimination Essay

Equal opportunity laws and annihilate discrimination - Essay Example winning a controversial approach with respect to reverse his termination in the workplace, this essay will prove persuasively argue that because these programs advance discrimination themselves that defeatist, and ironically promote the same type of behavior that they seek to eradicate. We now turn to an overview of the reasons for affirmative accomplishment and then follow with a rebuttal against reverse discrimination in the work force.As mentioned above, discrimination in the workforce affects different types of people from all walks of life. Women have typed historical discrimination for years and the Equal Pay Act (EPA) of 1963 was established to tackle the issues associated with wage-based discrimination. Due to the prevalence of sexism today, women still continue to earn less than their male counterparts. With respect to age, older workers face a variety of challenges in the labor force and the Age Dis crimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1967 seeks to protect people who are 40 years of age and older from discrimination. Looking at people disabilities, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 sought to ensure the full employability of people disabilities in modern society. With respect to visible minorities in the United States, the US federal government began its attempts at combating discrimination in the early 1960s. During this period, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 to implement affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin. (The American Presidency Project, 2009). This was arguably the most important piece of legislation to coat the way for affirmative action in the United States. While the government has legislated many policies to tackle discrimination at work, these programs are inherently discriminatory themselv es and promote exactly the type of

Reading Experience as an Undergraduate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reading Experience as an Undergraduate - Essay ExampleFrom this discussion it is clear that the reporterhad a very straightforward experience with some of the reading styles such as scanning in which I could look quickly through my textbooks and other reading materials to get germane(predicate) materials for his work. The reporter as well as learned how to skim which enabled him to read academic materials quickly to get the main points before deciding on what to write on. The author also had a chance to figure the best way of conducting a detailed reading to extract relevant information accurately as Schmeck, asserts. This style helped him to understand the main ideas in the academic literature and use them in enhancing my study and learning skills. In-depth reading is important and essential to enable one understand the concepts of and arguments in the texts.This study highlights that the author also understood the best reading processes for one to acquire relevant information a nd extract important facts without straining. The reading process require continuous practice, development, and refinement to ensure a thorough understanding of the contents. He found it quite challenging to follow the reading process, as it required a lot of time and effort to ensure that everything was fully understood. He faced various successes and failures as he struggled with my academics, but the reporter was determined to fulfill his dreams. Hemanaged to be one of the best students in the college and continued to perform excellently in different academic courses.

Learning Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning Objectives - Essay ExampleThis is why I want to seek out a better understanding of development from a leadership perspective both in economic and companionable terms. While we know that development has a social benefit, with a leadership role, the economics of development also become an important consideration for those who choose to take up this field.Secondly, development is a field which has been special significantly in both national and international terms ever since it was first created as a separate discipline. Just by looking at the list of journals and magazines related to development one can see that the advances made in the field have to take their guidelines from many different sciences including sociology, psychology, science, computer applied science and statistics. This points us towards the fact that the field is growing and the latest developments in the field as well as understanding their application is very important for those who press to take leader ship roles in development.Finally by instruction and examining the practices which worked in the field as compared to those which did not, I hope to learn the best practices and methods which have been successfully applied. Although there is never a miracle pill solution for all problems of development but by knowing the solutions which worked a person can come to accredited conclusions about what may also work in a given situation. This is also a learning objective for me since I wish to know how to grunge solutions for development problems by understanding what developers in the past have worked with and how they managed to solve any given problem of development.If I am able to apply these learning tools and meet my objectives that I have set for myself, I think that I will be able to call my taking this class a success. At the same time, as I progress through the classes I think that certain objectives may be

Yorkshire Dilect and Pronunciation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Yorkshire Dilect and Pronunciation - Case Study Example qustionnir contining itms which rflctd numbr of socil bond vribls nd mtire of frquncy of Yorkshire dilect ws dministrd to smpl of collg studnts. Th rsults indictd tht nrly ll of th socil bond msurs wr invrsly rltd to th frquncy of Yorkshire dilect. multivrit modl tht usd ths socil bond msurs xplind pproximtly on-qurtr of th vrinc in th frquncy of Yorkshire dilect for th studnts in this smpl. The term dilect refers to specific vriety of lnguge, which differs systemticlly from other vrieties in terms of pronuncition, grmmr nd vocbulry, but which is still generlly comprehensible to spekers of other dilects within tht lnguge. ccent refers exclusively to different pronuncition ptterns nd, despite populr belief to the contrry everybody speks with n ccent. In other terminology, dilect is n umbrell term for vriety of linguistic fetures, one of which is ccent - the speech sound ptterns of specific dilect. ... The chrcteristic f etures of the ccent of the region includeflt, uninflected mnner of speech, with less tonl vrition thn Stndrd English. The u sound is pronounced like the stndrd English oo, so luck is pronounced (in IP) . The difference amid the Yorkshire Pronuncition of look nd luck is difficult to her, the look vowel being slightly longer in durtion nd tending towrds the IP pronuncition. Shortening of the to t, s in Im going down t pub. Sometimes even the t is now omitted totlly, often it is pronounced s glottl stop. Mny dilect words, for exmple owt nd nowt (sometimes spelled s ught nd nught) for nything or nothing, bevvy for drink, growler for pork pie, lughole for er, gip for vomit funnily mkes the ugly Gipton estte in Leeds into vomit-town etc. The word us is often used in plce of me or in the plce of our we should put us nmes on us property. Use of the singulr second-person pronoun thou nd thee, lrgely in the southern prts of Yorkshire. These re often pronounced thh nd thi. In ll cses of the p st tense of to be is were I were wering tred cot, but he were wering tgreen one. The word self becomes sen, prticulrly in North Yorkshire. E.g. Yourself becomes Thy sen In the South-Est of Yorkshire vowel shifts so i becomes ee, nd ee becomes i, so Where hve you been lst night becomes wherst th bin lst neet. The letter y on the end of words is pronounced like the i in city or pity nd is thus shorter thn in Stndrd English Its piti t h didnt get sum sweets.. 1 In West Yorkshire, words like blue nd you hve n exggerted euw sound in bleuw nd yeuw. This is best herd in the West Yorkshire

Essay about Walmart Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About Walmart - Essay Exampleimary advantage is to over come barriers that be related to Multi-tier dispersion which has at all times been the common approach of doing business in Japan. Over time, Wal-Mart bequeath alter that. By approaching the suppliers directly, Wal-Mart will establish a more well-organized distributional system. Retailers will have to set up a similar system to stay competitive. Wal-Mart will approach the reinforced suppliers, mainly those that might already have globally established relationship for aid in building this innovative and extremely different distributional system. The some important advantage is that the benefits of that enhancement in distributional efficiency will be enjoyed by both i.e. Wal-Mart as well as their suppliers.Wal-Mart does uneventfully view success in superseding the wholesaler segment, they will be in a lot better of if they are in a position to distribute goods at less expensive costs, which will allow them to pass along a l ittle of the price savings to customers. The degree of success that Wal-Mart will encompass in Japan depends on the degree to which Wal-Mart can adjust Retail Link to Japans distribution system. Also, Wal-Mart will have to obtain a well-favored amount of real estate to get the economies of scale required to be successful, at the same time keeping local management content. And finally they essential be patient, as the Expansion into Japan maybe takes a lot of time.I believe that Wal-Mart is successful by circumvent the current Japanese distribution system by reflecting activities of manufacturers as well as sellers to circumvent the wholesalers, share knowledge, and incorporate decision making.Wal-Mart recently decided to gain 66.7 percent of Seiyu, Japans fourth largest retail group. Ten years ago Wal-Mart had attempted to sell its private label cookies in Japanese stores, and customers emptied out all the shelves. But the Japanese profaneers did not buy them again as they were too sweet, a part from this most of them

Theories of Learning Essay Example for Free

Theories of Learning EssayFill in the following boxes by defining simple and Holistic computer simulations of Development. Then you will describe 2 theories, including theorist (s) from each model of development. Finally you will list the important points derived from each model larn theory. Save this document and type directly onto the document and into the boxes. The boxes will expand to accommodate what you write. Submit as an attachment to the appropriate drop box.ModelDefinition of each Model Learning TheoryTheory and Theorist 1Theory and Theorist 2Important Points Derived (Be sure to number these theories and double space between them for easy reading). Elemental Model Learning TheoryRepresents the universe as a machine composed of discrete pieces operating in a spatio-temporal field reactive and adaptive model of man.Connectionism Edward L. ThorndikeClassical ConditioningIvan PavlovConnectionism1.Law of readiness circumstances where a learner tends to be satisfied or annoyed, to welcome or reject. 2.Law of exercise strengthening of connects with practice 3.Law of effect strengthening or weakening of a association as a result of its consequences.Classical Conditioning1.Reinforcement conditioned reflex becomes fixed by providing the conditioned stimulus and following it repeatedly with unconditioned stimulus and response at timed intervals. 2.Extinction Occurs when the reinforcement is discontinued and the conditioned stimulus is presented alone. 3.Generalization conditioned reflex evoked to one stimulus and can be enticed by another stimulus dis-similar to the first. 4.Differentiation initial generalization is overcome by method of contrasts where one stimuli is reinforced and the other is not. Holistic Model learning TheoriesRepresents the world as a unitary interactive, developing organism active and adaptive model of man.Functionalism John DeweyPurposive BehaviorismEdward TolmanFunctionalism1.The functionalist is tolerant but critical2 .The functionalist prefers continuities over discontinuities or typologies.3.The functionalist is an experimentalist.4.The functionalist is biased toward associationism and environmentalism.Purposive Behaviorism1.The law of proximity parts of a stimulus pattern that are close together or draw near each other tend to be perceived in groups therefore, the proximity of the parts in time and space affects the learners organization of the field. 2.Law of similarity and familiarity objects similar in form, shape, color or size tend to be grouped in perception familiarity with an object facilities the establishing of a figure-ground pattern. 3.Law of closure learners try to achieve a gratifying endstate of equilibrium incomplete shapes, missing parts, and gaps in information are filled in by the perceiver. 4.Law of continuation organization in perception tends to occur in such a manner that a straight line appears to continue as a straight line, a part circle as a circle, and a three -sided square as a complete square.

Relative ethics Essay Example for Free

Relative ethics EssayRelative ethics is where decisions are made with the circumstances in mind. For good example the culture and traditions of the place, the individuals, and society. Examples of relative ethics is utilitarianism and situation ethics. Relative ethics can be seen to be a fair approach to decision making because it is openhanded of distinguishable values, it is more realistic that nothing is right or wrong, it is more open to atheists, and is considers emotions as important. However it is more complex and happen upons decisions harder, it can be utilise as an excuse to act in an immoral way, it implies that we should not have laws and it does not protect worldwide piece rights. Relative ethics is tolerant of different cultures. For example just because in cardinal place it is considered wrong for women to have an education in one country e.g. Islamic countries, it doesnt mean that in the UK women should not have an education. The UK is not morally superior and should not try to implement its own morals on any other country. This may calculate fair in one way but it actually means that any act can be acceptable and doesnt protect our human rights, sexism is wrong and women should never be discriminated against no matter their religion. Some laws need to be absolute. Someone in a different country may consume that for example kidnap and torture are part of their culture, but we know this is wrong.Relative ethics can be seen as fair because in it thither are no absolute objective rights or wrongs. The right thing to do depends on the situation. For example, if a woman stole food out of esurience then it would be wrong. However if she stole food to feed her starving children then this is right. It is fairer than absolute ethics because an absolutist would say that the woman shouldnt steal even if he children are dying of starvation. Obviously, this is wrong and so the relativist view if a fairer approach to decision makingThe idea tha t there are no objective rights or wrongs can make relative decision making a slow process. In Utilitarianism, the consequences of apiece option have to be predicted and consequences. When each individual situation has to be considered, it can cause complications and ensuring every person gets a good result is difficult. Some may argue that the time it takes to make a decision about the morality of an act is causes those involved more suffering and is unjust.In conclusion I think that relative ethics is the go around approach to making fair ethical decisions. However, I believe that some actions are wrong no matter the culture or time or individual. For example, discrimination is always wrong and torture of innocents and kidnapping is wrong. Despite this, relative ethics is tolerant of all cultures and does not believe that in any situations that one persons or countrys morals are superior to anothers.

Saint Clare Essay Example for Free

Saint Clare EssaySt. Clare was born on July 16, 1194 and died on August 11, 1253. She was the girl of a count and countess. She heard St. Francis preach in the streets of Assisi and told him of her desire to give herself to God. They grew to be close friends. On Palm Sunday in the family 1212 the bishop of Assisi presented a palm to this noble maid of eighteen who was beautifully garbed. That same night she left her castle with one acquaintance and went to the church of Our Lady of the Angels, where she met Francis and his Brothers. At the communion table of Our Lady, Francis cut off her hair and Clare gave her life to Christ. In an old house outside Assisi she began her Order of the Poor Clares. Later, her sister and mother and other noble ladies conjugate her. They lived a life of prayer, silence and fasting. One day, enemies of the Church were about to attack the convent. The saint had the Blessed Sacrament placed in a monstrance preceding(prenominal) the gate of the conve nt and, kneeling before it, she prayed for help. Abruptly the enemy fled. During her illness of 28 years the Holy Eucharist was her strength. She died in 1253.She is the patroness of, eye disease, goldsmiths, laundry, embroiderers, gilders, good weather, chivvy workers, Santa Clara Pueblo, telephones, telegraphs, and television. Pope Pius XII selected her as the patron saint of television in 1958, on the basis that when she was too ill to be present at Mass, she had reportedly been able to see and hear it on the wall of her room. Her remains were entombed at the chapel of San Giorgio while a church to hold her remains was being built. On August 15, 1255, Pope Alexander IV canonized Clare as Saint Clare of Assisi.Construction of the Basilica of Saint Clare was completed in 1260, and on October 3 of that year Clares remains were moved to the recently completed basilica where they were buried under the high altar. In further acknowledgment of the saint, Pope Urban IV officially alter ed the name of the Order of Poor Ladies to the Order of Saint Clare in 1263. About 600 years later in 1872, Saint Clares remains were transferred to a newly constructed memorial in the crypt of the Basilica of Saint Clare where they can still be seen now.

Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria

virtuoso Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral Malaria1.5T magnetic resonance resourcefulness to Investigate probable Etiologies of Brain Swelling in Pediatric Cerebral MalariaAbbreviations Red Blood Cell (RBC)Parts per billion (ppb)Cerebral malaria (CM)Blood drumhead barrier (BBB) move upObjectiveCerebral malaria (CM) remains a common ca accustom of death in African children. The pathologic hallmark of paediatric CM is requisition form of parasitized blushing(a) production line cells in the cerebral microvasculature. Recent Malawi-based research utilizing a 0.35T magnetic resonance imagination has established that severe promontory swelling is associated with disgraceful CM, but the etiology of instinct swelling remains unclear. Autopsy and clinical studies suggest several potency etiologies, but technical limitations of 0.35T MRI precluded optimal investigations into swelling pathophysiology. A 1.5T MRI in Zambia allowed for further investigations including susceptibility wei ghted imaging (SWI). SWI is an ideal sequence for identifying domains of requisition and microhemorrhages given the ferromagnetic properties of hemozoin and blood.MethodsUsing 1.5T MRI, Zambian children with retinopathy-confirmed CM underwent imaging with SWI, T2, T1 pre- and post-soman, DWI with ADC and T2/FLAIR sequences.Results 16 children including ii with moderate/severe dropsy were imaged. All survived. Gadolinium extravasation was non seen. Cerebral perfusion was intact with DWI ab naturalities spa palisade the gray matter. SWI findings consistent with microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration co-occur blushing(a) in unclouded matter regions where DWI changes consistent with vascular congestion were seen. Findings consistent with tush reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a cause of swelling were as well as give in.InterpretationsHigh field MRI findings indicate that vascular congestion associated with parasite sequestration, local inflammation from microhemorrhage s and autoregulatory dysfunction contribute to brain swelling in CM.Keywords sequestration venous congestion hemozoinIntroductionPediatric cerebral malaria (CM), defined as P. falciparum peripheral parasitemia and unarousable coma with no other coma etiology evident, in the beginning affects children in sub-Saharan Africa 1. Although antimalarial agents provide rapid parasite clearance, mortality rates remain high (8-25%) 2, 3. The pathological hallmark of paediatric CM at necropsy is intravascular sequestration in which parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) adhere to the endothelium of cerebral microvessels.Although malaria causes almost a million deaths per year, neuroimaging capacity is typically limited in malaria-endemic regions. save one rangy MRI case series from Malawi use a 0.35T MRI has provided insights into the in vivo structural abnormalities associated with pediatric CM 4and CM mortality 5. separate studies and case reports using higher field MRIs have been performe d on freehandeds 6, 7, but adult CM appears to represent a different disease syndrome 8. In adult CM, coma onset largely occurs some days after illness onset in the setting of multisystem electric organ failure often including hepatic dysfunction, nephritic failure and gross electrolyte abnormalities. As such, the coma of adult CM is clinically dominated by the effects of a toxic, metabolic encephalopathy. In line of reasoning, in pediatric CM coma onset occurs very early in the malaria illness, often as one of the first signs of the illness, with very limited hepatic or renal involvement and no evident systemic cause for coma. MRI insights gained from imaging pediatric CM to date have been limited to low field MRI technology.The recent pediatric CM MRI read used 0.35T technology to establish that change magnitude intracranial pressure due to change magnitude brain hoi polloi is the cause of death in CM 9, but the low field MRI technology was unable to further evaluated the potential etiologies of brain swelling in pediatric CM, so the underlie cause(s) of cerebral edema in CM remains unclear. Further study delineating the underlying cause(s) of swelling is needed to develop permit interventions. Potential etiologies suggested by post-mortem and clinical studies include any/all of the following (a) blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown with resultant vasogenic edema 10, 11 (b) damage perfusion resulting in cell death with cytotoxic edema 12 (c) vascular congestion due to occlusion at the post-capillary venules 13 (d) hyperemia with auto-regulatory dysfunction due to endothelial wound and CM-associated seizures, anemia and hyperpyrexia 14, 15, 16 and (e) dawn cerebral microhemorrhages (i.e. ring hemorrhages) 11.Hemozoin is an iron-rich breakdown product of the parasites metabolism of hemoglobin 5. Hemozoin is present primarily in mature, sequestered parasites. Thus, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) 17, which is extremely sensitive to the magnet ic field inhomogeneity caused by ferromagnetic substances, is an ideal imaging sequence for identifying regions of parasite sequestration. SWI also offers the ability to identify small hemorrhages on the order of several g of blood per gram of tissue 18,19.We hypothesized that imaging retinopathy-confirmed pediatric CM with a 1.5T MRI including DWI, SWI and gadolinium enhanced sequences would identify pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebral edema in pediatric CM and under in additionk an imaging study of CM in Zambia where 1.5T MRI is available specifically seeking evidence of blood brain barrier breakdown, afflicted perfusion, parasite sequestration, autoregulatory dysfunction and microhemorrhages.Material and MethodsSubjects and RecruitmentDuring the malaria seasons (Jan-June) in 2012-2014, comatose children with retinopathy-confirmed 20 CM underwent brain MRI on the 1.5T MRI digital scanner (Siemens Magnetom Essenza using Syngo MR 200 4A version software, Germany) at t he Cancer Diseases Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia within 24 hours of admission. Inclusion criteria were (1) admission to the pediatric high care building block of the University Teaching Hospital, (2) a Blantyre Coma Score of 2 21, (3) P. falciparum infection as pertinacious by a Paracheck Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT), (4) the presence of malarial retinopathy, and (5) no other evident etiology for coma. A thick peripheral blood smear to identify parasitemia was also obtained prior to recruitment, but was not immediately available and was not required for inclusion. All children trustworthy banal antimalarial preaching, anticonvulsants, antipyretics, antibiotics and blood transfusions, as clinically indicated and in accordance with national treatment guidelines. As per present treatment standards, no steroids were given. Children with comorbid meningitis as determined by cerebrospinal fluid analysis were excluded from enrollment. Written consent was obtained from the childs parent o r guardian. Children with impaired renal function (creatinine 2.0) did not receive gadolinium. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of Zambia, Michigan State University and the University of Rochester.ImagingGadolinium (Magnevist) doses were determined by individual patient weight and administered intravenously (0.2 mL/kg, 0.1 mmol/kg) by hand injection. The scanning protocol is provided in an appendix. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculations were provided by the standard Siemens software algorithms 22. SWI phase images were stack away unfiltered and post-processed with a 6464 high pass filter then viewed using SPIN ( taper processing in nMR) software. SWI was also collected with a shorter echo time (15ms) for some bases to avoid potential aliasing 17.InterpretationImages were reviewed independently by two radiologists (MJP neuroradiologist, and SDK MRI fellowship trained radiologist) and data were managed using NeuroInterp, a web- based program that allows radiographic findings to be entered into a searchable and quantified database 23. Reader discrepancies, determined in advance of the analysis, were reevaluated by the two radiologists to develop a consensus interpretation.increase brain volume, the imaging finding associated with fatal cerebral malaria, was rated on a scale from 1-8 with 3 being no edema, 1 and 2 indicating atrophy. An edema tot of 4-5 indicated minimal-mild edema, with no loss of sulcal markings. Grade 6 (moderate edema) was defined as loss of some sulcal markings. An edema score of 7 represented moderate/severe edema with diffuse sulcal and cisternal effacement universally evident but without herniation present, and the severe edema score of 8 required sulcal and cisternal effacement with evidence of herniation.MRI findings coded within the NeuroInterp database that could plausibly be associated with the atomic number 23 potential pathogenic mechanisms of brain swelling in CM were then reviewed. Specifically, (a) to evaluate diffuse BBB breakdown causing vasogenic edema, we looked for evidence of gadolinium enhancement 24, (b) to assess for impaired perfusion and subsequent cytotoxic edema we looked for gray matter diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) abnormalities 25, (c) evidence for vascular congestion or venous micro-occlusion was sought by looking for white matter DWI abnormalities 26, (d) autoregulatory dysfunction was evaluated by looking for focal regions of symmetric hemispheric edema of varying concourse in regions susceptible to autoregulatory vulnerabilities 9, 27, and (e) SWI abnormalities were assessed clinically and quantitatively based upon effective voxel susceptibility with the anticipation that these would be located in the same anatomical regions as ring hemorrhages and sequestration have been identified in prior autopsy studies 28. Given the small anticipated sample size (Results Patient Characteristics and Data Acquisition twenty three children met study inclusion criteria during the enrollment period. Parents declined participation for 2 children and 5 children were deemed too ill to transfer for imaging or died before imaging could be performed, so 16 subjects were imaged5 (31%) were male and the mean age was 6.4 years (range 1-15). Table 1 provides demographic data and admission clinical characteristics from the 16 subjects who were imaged.Of the 5 consented children who were not imaged, 3 died. Among the 16 subjects imaged, the scans for one patient was non-symptomatic on the SWI sequence due to movement artifact. Renal function could not be ascertained on two children, so these subjects did not receive gadolinium. There were no fatalities among the imaged study subjects and none had clinical sequelae evident at discharge. Table 2 provides the frequencies of the 1.5T MRI findings identified and captured in NeuroInterp.MRI FindingsIncreased brain volume None of the subjects had severe (grade 8) edema. Moderate/severe (g rade 7) edema was present in 2/16 (13%) moderate (grade 6) edema in 4/16 (25%) minimal/mild (grade 4 5) edema in 7/16 (44%) and no edema in 3/16 (19%).T2 prefigure changes The total number of cases exhibiting white matter increased T2 signal was 12/16 (75%), and two distinct patterns were observed primarily subcortical (10/12, or 83%) and primarily periventricular/peritrigoneal (2/12, 17%) (Figure 1). These generally occurred in isolation only 2 cases had both findings.Gadolinium enhancement The expected normal physiological intravascular and circumventricular organ enhancement was evident in all subjects on the post-contrast images (Figure 2). A small region of subtle focal cortical enhancement was seen in one subject with convinced(p) SWI signal and no associated T2 abnormalities consistent with a capillary telangiectasia. There was no evidence of gadolinium extravasation in the other 13 patients who received contrast.Cortical findings Cortical swelling and increased T2 signal was seen in 10/16 (63%), but these signal abnormalities were sexual intercoursely mild in extent, confluent, and without associated cortical DWI findings. Increased cortical T2 signal was generally diffuse, with only 2/16 (13%) having a posterior predominant pattern 4. DWI showed restricted water diffusion in the subcortical white matter in 10/16 (63%) which was confirmed by accompanying ADC maps.Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Abnormalities The structures in the basal ganglia had different levels of involvement. T2/FLAIR signal abnormalities were present in the globus pallidus and putamen in 10/16 (63%), and the caudate in 9/16 (56%). While frequently involved simultaneously, there was generally a region of predominance (Figure 3). Regional differences were also illustrated in the DWI images. Fifty six percent of subjects had DWI abnormalities in the globus pallidus, 13% in the putamen and none in the caudate.Pontine and Brainstem Signal Abnormalities This was assessed at two levels, w ithin the pons at the level of the middle cerebellar peduncle and within the brainstem at the level of the substantia nigra. Pontine involvement was seen in 9/16 (56%) and brainstem in 11/16 (69%). Abnormalities were usually diffuse, and consisted of generalized increase in T2 signal. However, focal areas of involvement were also seen.Corpus callosum Showed increased T2 signal and thickening in 10/16 (63%) with 6/10 having associated positive DWI findings as confirmed by ADC maps. The splenium was the primary site of involvement in 9/10 (90%) of cases.SWI Findings Decreased signal is defined as a positive SWI finding as it localizes to areas of magnetic field inhomogeneity caused by the presence of a ferromagnetic substance (Figure 4). SWI findings were noted along the regions of the venules of both the superficial and deep venous systems corresponding to areas of parasite sequestration and ring hemorrhages. SWI resolution did not allow bankers bill between gray and white matter in volvement in the cerebellum. One SWI dataset was not interpretable due to severe motion artifact. In the remaining cases, 7/15 (47%) showed abnormal paramagnetic signal within the following regions of the parenchyma corpus callosum (7/15, 47%), sub-cortical white matter (6/15, 40%), cerebellum (5/15, 33%), lenticulae striate (5/15, 33%), and periventricular white matter (2/15, 13%). In two subjects, both the internal capsule and optic radiation had abnormal paramagnetic signal.The susceptibility of heavily infected red blood cells is 1880 parts per billion (ppb) relative to water 18. The effective voxel susceptibilities in the corpus callosum and junction of the cortical gray and white matter was 50 ppb relative to water in SWIM. As distributed within the voxel, this represents a 1/38th decrease in susceptibility. Given the voxel size of 0.5 x 0.5 x 2.0 mm3, this represents 1/78th L. assume the capillary volume is 5% (or 1/20th of the pixel) 29, this indicates that half of the capi llaries are filled with hemozoin.The combination of moderate to severe symmetrical cortical swelling (edema score of 6 or 7), with corresponding underlying subcortical white matter changes with associated DWI and ADC findings was evident in 4/16 (25%) of cases (Figure 5) with two of the four showing a predominantly posterior distribution.Table 3 summarizes the MRI findings seen using 1.5T in 16 Zambian children with CM in the context of the proposed mechanisms for brain swelling in CM and the 1.5T MRI findings anticipated for each mechanism.DiscussionMRI findings using a 0.35T MRI have shown that death from pediatric CM occurs due to increased brain volume 9 but low field MRI was unable to further delineate the etiology for the brain swelling. Interventions studies aimed at reducing or preventing cerebral edema in CM would ideally target the underlying mechanism of swelling. Existing clinical and autopsy data suggest at least five potential etiologies for brain swelling in CM. In th is study, we describe what the MRI findings associated with each of these potential etiologies would be and then used 1.5T MRI in children with retinopathy-confirmed CM to identify the presence or absence of findings consistent with each of the five proposed etiologies. As such, the results of this study can be subdivided into evidence both for and against these specific potential origins of brain swelling in pediatric CM.Decreased SWI signal was evident on the brain MRIs of children with CM and furthermore these changes were seen in regions where autopsy studies have shown microhemorrhages (Figure 6) as well as in the regions where sequestration is common. Since the SWI signal effectively identifies blood and hemozoin, both sequestration and ring hemorrhages were likely identified. Marked T2/DWI abnormalities were evident in the subcortical brain regions most sensitive to venous outflow obstruction. If perfusion is obstructed in regions with SWI signal changes, then blood flow to t he tissue would decrease by 50% which is consistent with what is seen in an animal model of malaria where blood flow was found to be reduced to 53% +/- 12% 29.In the setting of the sequestration-associated SWI abnormalities and intact large venous drainage systems (i.e. no venous thrombosis), the T2/DWI findings are strongly suggestive of a venous obstruction phenomenon in the capillary bed system. Much of what is cognise about pediatric cerebral malaria has been learned from autopsy studies, so it is reassuring to see that the distribution of microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration found in prior autopsy studies are very similar in distribution to the microhemorrhages and parasite sequestration identified in living children who survived CM.Vasogenic edema was demonstrated by increased T2 signal in the white matter. Cytotoxic edema has a similar appearance, but is accompanied by restricted water motion identified by increased DWI signal. Both were evident in this cohort, with c ytotoxic being more common. This tended to be significant and diffuse. None of these children died and there were no clinical sequelae at discharge, suggesting that the process is reversible, and may represent early cytotoxic edema rather than tissue infarction.MRI findings of symmetrical cortical swelling with underlying white matter changes were seen, consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and suggestive of autoregulatory dysfunction. Pediatric CM is congruent with many other clinical conditions associated with PRES. Specifically, pediatric CM generally involves a rapid neurological deterioration, usually in the setting of seizure, followed by relativity prompt full recovery in most patients. Radiographically, brain swelling with underlying vasogenic edema associated with positive DWI findings is the hallmark of both CM and PRES 4, 16. Autoregulatory dysfunction as a result of the primarily endothelial process associated with parasite sequestration in CM may result in vasoconstriction coupled with hypoperfusion causing vasogenic edema and associated brain swelling. This is the favored theory for the etiology of the radiographic findings seen in PRES 27.We found no evidence of cortical cytotoxic edema and there was no radiographic evidence of gadolinium enhancement although gadolinium was clearly seen within the vessels and in circumventricular organs. Gadolinium, as a contrast agent, is chelated by a range of very small molecules (Magnevist 0.54kDa)30. These agents are all hydrophobic, so they do not cross the intact BBB. At autopsy in CM, areas of sequestration show fibrinogen (340kDa)24 leakage and ring hemorrhages which require sufficient BBB breakdown to allow a deformable, non-parasitized blood cells (7 M) to escape. The SWI imaging in this study identified ring hemorrhages so some BBB breakdown associated with their presence must have occurred, but if there was associated gadolinium extravasation, the quantity and concen tration of gadolinium was insufficient to be visually evident on MRI. Gross BBB breakdown indicative of severe vasogenic edema was not evident in this small series of non-fatal pediatric CM.This study is limited by the small sample size, less severe disease spectrum, and lack of a comparison group. In Zambia, children felt to be at risk of imminent death were not imaged since transport for imaging there requires ambulance transportation to an adjacent facility. The small number of subjects prevented meaningful quantitative analyses despite the use of NeuroInterp. Although no a prior analyses were planned, we did conducted a post-hoc comparison to determine if the edema score or the presence of SWI, DWI, or focal cortical abnormalities was associated with age, coma date prior to admission or the seizures prior to admission. No associations were found (all ps 0.05). The absence of subjects with severe brain swelling or fatal disease may have impacted our findings, as florid BBB break down might not occur to a significant degree in less severe CM. prescript MRIs on a similar aged comparison group were not available. In the Zambian setting, most imaging is obtained on advanced disease with normal images being uncommon. Acquisition of imaging in an age-comparable group of healthy children was not feasible given the risk of sedation, particularly in this environment. Finally, more quantitative MRI analyses would have allowed more optimal assessments, but the power injections equipment required to obtain perfusion studies and/or dynamic contrast enhanced studies, which could detect contrast influx too small to be visually evident, is prohibitively expensive and was not available in this resource limited setting.ConclusionsPediatric CM brain MRI findings in non-fatal cases using 1.5T technology suggest that vascular congestion, autoregulatory dysfunction, and microhemorrhages likely contribute to brain swelling pathogenesis.References1 WHO, World Malaria Report, 2011 . http//www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2016/report/en/2 A.M. Dondorp, C.I. Fanello, I.C. Hendriksen, E. Gomes, A. Seni, K.D. Chhaganlal, K. Bojang, R. Olaosebikan, N. Anunobi, K. Maitland, E. Kivaya, T. Agbenyega, S.B. Nguah, J. Evans, S. Gesase, C. Kahabuka, G. Mtove, B. Nadjm, J. Deen, J. Mwanga-Amumpaire, M. Nansumba, C. Karema, N. Umulisa, A. Uwimana, O.A. 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