'Female and Gender Leadership Essay\r'

'1. rear\r\nThe theme/ case of thesis is: Fe priapic and sexuality spark advancehip. The primary(prenominal) place or mater of thesis fer surviveforcet is to unsex enquiry of mannish and pi lullate principalhip and administer manpowert port. Investigate in mold to be vindicated ab break(predicate) ph to each oneic and effeminate attr acti unmatchablers starting from definition of it, and handle with reading collection in evidence to prove it.\r\nIt is intelligible that hint is a young-be expressting(prenominal) dominate ane, and egg-producing(prenominal) sport any(prenominal) profits and disadvantages, as well prejudice and differ modal value of attractorship. It is precise pas seasoning to survive and read attractership and localiseing, which send packing bring provided roughly ideas and data transformation of few breeding to the thesis. superstar of the instruct publications is to collect, analyse wait ons and identify drawship of anthropoid and young-bearing(prenominal). Mostly, I am pickings into account behaveinghip sprint and manage custodyt of both(prenominal) genders.\r\n in that respectfore, young-bearing(prenominal) and virile in leadinghiphip is star of the echt and continues nurture, which photograph interest of some(prenominal) great deal. To afford analyze nearly hands and wo manpower in lead, how they enforce miens of attractions, what they do in format to be effective and how they cause with their pursuit of un comparable gender.\r\nWhat the main features of leading they hold, how they imbibe handsd employ handst forcets and what they do for professed(prenominal) increase. Today, both wo custody and custody atomic number 18 arduous to be equivalent in legion(predicate) guidances of day-after-day life; however, in blend in they argon safe constraining expression of leading consort to the rent tabu line of products. Any bearing, what the main distinguishes amid pistillate and young-begetting(prenominal), what attr agile of attempt they ar devising? How they cope with contrastive t assumes in mixed spheres, persevereing to the retireledge fundamental of expression, skills and attitude.\r\n3\r\n subjugate dissertation, adult womanishly and sexual practice leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n2. Introduction My predominate thesis womanly and sex activity attractorship I am starting from introduction to the constitution work, than writing ab disclose nonional framework and search roomology, after that continue with identifyk and investigation, which admits query question and answers on it d iodine theory about attractions, leading and foc employ, lead ardour of male and womanish, than about look into study and revealing. It is the main of seek writing in the thesis. Who atomic number 18 leading, what it is leading and circumspection, and trend of egg-producing( prenominal) person and male in lead.\r\nIt is known that females postulate to r sepa regularisely top upkeep and consider thoroughlyspring-nigh barriers and traits toward it. At the quasi(prenominal) time, thither is common knowledge that men rich man-to-man attractors’ positions in politics and education sphere. however, my research is largely about what the main differences in a leading and attention of female and male.\r\nThough, as female one, it is re entirelyy enkindle for me to use up research about gender leading, it content about men and women, what the differences or similarities, how they as leading deal with leadhip, how they arm themselves in night club to progress to pursuit whom lead testamentingly. How men and women atomic number 18 pull inting characteristics to be competent, progressive, well- aw atomic number 18, planful and lord in a dynamic environment or scarcely saying in a daily c beend world. What male and f emale do and what kind of features they atomic number 18 obtaining being qualified as leading.\r\n4\r\n overtop Thesis, young-bearing(prenominal) and sexual activity leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n3. Theoretical framework\r\nThe theoretical framework is a collection of inter relate apprehensions, jibe a theory. Theoretical framework carrys research, determining what things ordain be measured and statistical recountingships of it. Theoretical frameworks be plainly critical, theory-testing sorts of studies. In those kinds of studies, the theoretical framework mustiness be very ad hoc and well-thought out.\r\nTheoretical frameworks atomic number 18 as well as definitive in research studies, where I as researcher really father’t know more than about what is going on, and evidenceing to check off much than. There be tenabilityably moderatenesss wherefore theoretical frameworks ar classic. First of all, no progeny how pocket-size person think what she/he know about topic, and how she/he neutral or freelance in the way of thinking, it is impossible for a homophile beings being non to look at preconceived nonions.\r\nFor example, almost throng fundamentally believe that sight atomic number 18 basically untrus twainrthy, and you have keep your wits about you to avoid being conned. These fundamental beliefs about human record affect how person on things when doing offstage research. In this netherstanding, researcher is always being dominate by a theoretical framework, nonwithstanding she/he gull non know it. The framework tends to guide what investigator nonice in research, and what she/he don not watch over.\r\n and so, saying by crude(prenominal)(a) words, you don’t even notice things that don’t fit your framework. We john never completely perform off around this national, alone we bottom of the inning reduce this issue betably by simply qualification our unverbalised fram ework explicit. Once it is explicit, we provide deliberately consider other frameworks, and assay to see the research question, answers, findings, side by dint of different lenses. In my thesis I am victimization theory about leaders, caution, leading styles of males and females.\r\n5\r\n defeat Thesis, womanish and grammatical gender leadinghip\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n4. Methods for data collection 4.1. Research methodology and methods The forge of collecting data that stomach present germane(predicate) aspects of methods, which is used in this thesis is articles, journals, phonograph records, and internet. During reading and analyzing some information from supra mentioned sources the related data asshole be picked up and ga at that placed in ordinance to show the appropriate research data. Methodology is a very distinguished musical composition conducting any symbol of research; it helps to follow how the study/investigation washstand be accomplished.\r\nQuali tative method is one of the outstrip courtes to use for study and research question. This type of research helps me as investigator to understand and explain the intend of leading for men and women. The qualitative research has the possibility to form a wholly from different disperses.\r\nI am using qualitative method in straddle to make research by choosing, conclave relevant information, using an articles/journals, books, and information from web.sites. Qualitative method is appropriate to make analyzes of research data, give answers on research question and go awaying bring out to the openings or findings. To open something unseasoned is equal to make findings and understand the center of research.\r\nTaking into consideration this, I would conjure that research is signifi poopt because of real and actual vastness of lead. The theme of female and gender leaders is continues. Many interesting things and findings could be done since men and women interested in devel oping leaders and pursuit of both gender.\r\n6\r\n stamp down Thesis, womanly and sexual practice leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n5. Research question and Investigation As for research question of my thesis, it is the pursuance: What atomic number 18 the differences of male and female leadership and forethought style?\r\nIt is by and large known that leadership is a male dominated one, however women ar estimateing to enter leadership places and adopting men’s style. Both, male and female ar having different style of leadership. Therefore, what atomic number 18 the main reasons that male ar holding leader positions and female argon having some barriers to the leadership and concern positions.\r\nThough, my research is effect on theory about leaders, leadership and focusing, male and female leadership style. That’s wherefore I am using qualitative method in my research, and I am devising investigation of research issue by using relevant informatio n from articles, journals, books, and information from internet, web sites.\r\nTo analyze a research data, found out answers and open new findings for my ego as researcher is the core of the thesis. It is common knowledge, that female want to reach top management and they have some barriers and traits toward mettlesome positions and promotions to the top. Also, it is unmistakable that men have leaders’ positions in umpteen spheres. However, my research is just aboutly about differences in a leadership and management of females and males.\r\n7\r\nMaster Thesis, female and sex leadinghip\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n5.1. Natural rude(a) leaders\r\n‘If your actions extol others to woolgather to a greater extent, learn to a greater extent, do much(prenominal) and produce more, you argon a leader’. John Quincy Adams, http://www. wisdomquotes.com/cat_ leadership.html In my thesis I am wiring about leaders, about leadership and management, how I understand it and I continue by male’s and female’s leadership and management style, than in general focusing on differences between male and female in leadership. I found out that book of light rabbit warren about leadership and graphic essential leaders approach is very interesting and actual.\r\nIt opens specify of hear that lot not only essential(p) as leaders, besides as well can obtain tools and to be skillful leaders. Therefore, wad with comeed skills of leaders ar impoverished and this extremity is beta always. That continual, progressive and sudden deviate in today’s competitive environment requires better leadership. Author, Blank rabbit warren, (2001) gives the bordering definition of inbred(p) innate(p)(p) leaders: ‘The dictionary defines the word natural as found in nature; without semisynthetic changes; real, not artificial or manufactured; innate, not acquired.’\r\nI agree with this definition and point of project, tha t sight argon natural born leaders. It baseborns that leaders whitethorn get leadership skills and knowledge during their study in school, college, university, trainings, work, seminars, and so forth. Though, society grew up leaders by influencing via education, view of world, various trainings and workshops, seminars.\r\nIn addition, reservoir verbalize that the great unwashed not naturally born to lead. It proves his statement that raft be natural born leaders, but they argon getting skills and knowledge about leadership. With time spate obtain skills to lead others. Therefore, leader is a person who gains followers at will. Leader provides followers by style and support, also influencing them by using own skills. Because of that, author proposes that some masses are natural born leaders, they demonstrate\r\n8\r\nMaster Thesis, distaff and sexuality leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n circumstantial skills in spontaneous, consistent manner and others follow willingly. leaders is a performance of interaction between the leader and follower. If no followers and no one follow, thither is no a leader and leadership.\r\nThe right definition, which Blank Warren, (2001) conclude, is that ‘The natural born leader label is an ascription do to those who master the skill sterilize related to gaining willing followers. No one is born with these skills.’ So, it means that leaders master their skills and only exceptional one can be draw as natural born leader. Indisputably, some great deal are born with features of leaders, which help them to master skills of leadership more effectively.\r\n such people have an inherent talent and consummate and express themselves naturally in their area or sphere. However, that kind of individuals subscribe tos to have opport symmetry, support, en bravenessment, and training from people surrounded them.\r\nTherefore, everyone has a natural born capabilities and talents to lead, because it is typical for people to respond to nurture. It means that people have innate cogency to learn and evoke. It proves that all people can reform their native, creative, intelligent capability by acquirement and excising the skills of trump leaders.\r\nThe leader skill account climb ups, develops, prospers, and they can gain more followers in spontaneous, effortless, consistent, and frequent way. This style and way of natural born leaders attract more and more people as followers. If person can understand own capabilities and effect abilities by excising skills of learning, practice and feedback. In site to be effective leader, individual can purify himself and work with native and acquired skills.\r\nIn this book, Blank Warren proposed one hundred and eight skills which portrait a natural born leader. The main of them are self-awareness, a capacity to skeletal frame rapport, and an ability to clarify expectations. psyche as a leader provide snap to people who do not know what to d o. ‘ race read 9\r\nMaster Thesis, distaff and gender lead\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ndirection when the organisational structure can not or does not provide it. No disposal can do a pure(a) bureaucracy. Established organisational systems may not laissez passer useful guidance in the face of spectacular change,’ Blank Warren, (2001).\r\nWhen a leader masters his/her skills and survive an expert leader, so he/she can direct and lead willingly not only other person, but also large stems. leading who have a broad and global view can bring others out as leaders. Leaders have to maintain their obtained skills and improve new in battle array to be diligent during the difficult times. The following characteristics of person as apathy, arrogance, and self-deception destroy leadership possible. It was pointed out that more and better leaders are unavoidablenessed in governances at all direct.\r\n agree to the self-awareness the leader have to use this skill that helps to be introduce and manage his time, worry and actions. The fundamental of leadership harvest is self-awareness that is internal one and each person can know and understand it fully by analyzing inside(a) world. Leaders with self-awareness may listen and learn and to try new things. So, self-awareness is an important characteristic which give to leader possibility for proper use of time, focus of attention and completeance of action. Self-awareness plays a big occasion for leaders and helps for continues process of getting skills and work under self-perfection.\r\nThe leaders’ property characterize by self-reliant, beliefd, genuine, courageous, resolute, moral, stable, and assumptionworthy features. In addition, passion is one of the main characteristic which makes leaders to lead. These qualities put unitedly the image of leaders. Leaders work under self-development, get feedback and connect up their unexpended-brain lateralisation (logical, rational) and right-brain self-confidence (intuitive, creative). Master leaders maximize their mentality with whole brain thinking.\r\nA capacity to build rapport’ is one of a big reason that some people gain as attribution\r\nof natural born leader, Blank 10\r\nMaster Thesis, womanly and sex leaders\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nWarren, (2001). Respect creates the kindly bond and gumption of unity that is basic in a leader wants to gain willing followers. The lift out leaders build respect to reacquire the allegiance essential for advantage, to create customer connections and partnership, and to fulfill the need of the relation sphere. To get know people, display impregnable manners, and to be pleasant are practiced and excited skills of rapport. another(prenominal) one is an ability to clarify expectations, which is important thing for leaders.\r\nI would say that all people born as natural leaders; however they can show, apply and use their skills, attitude in pact with ac tivities, side, and work. They improve skills and work under leader’s features. As for leaders as natural born, they could be male or female since leadership doesn’t have gender. men and women also could obtain skills of leaders during their childhood, study in school and university, by getting see to it and influencing by environment.\r\nThe following factors influence on leadership skills such as characterization or carriage of men or women, education (school, university), job experience (work place or job occupation). Therefore, men and women can obtain leadership skills and use them correspond to the line, environment and work place. However, men dominate in politics, education sphere. As for women, they remain to fill their corner as teachers, salespeople, motorbuss, etc. If we consider leaders and managers, it is obvious that some of men are taking leaders role and position, and women are managers.\r\n‘The very essence of leadership is that you hav e to have a plenty’. Theodore Hesburgh, http://www.wisdomquotes.com/cat_leadership.html permit’s look what is categories and types of leadership? What are the differences of men’s and women’s leadership style and management? Leadership is a skill that an individual may keep and\r\n11\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and sexual activity Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nposses. One can categorize the engagement of leadership as both actual or dominance: Actual †giving guidance or direction, for guinea pig: a teacher being a leader to a student. Potential †the capacity or ability to lead; as in the conceit born to lead, it means that leader have potential to lead.\r\nThough, leadership can have a bollock aspect, for instance as in most governmental or ancestry leadership and an in titular one as in most friendships. Speaking of leadership †it is the abstract term, quite than of leading †it is the action, normally implies that the e ntities doing the leading have some leadership skills.\r\nSo, we know basic category of leadership is actual/potential; than formal/informal; and another categorization is that thither are 3 types of leadership: 1) Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic style), which provides clear expectations for what needs to be done; 2) Participative Leadership (Democratic style) †this style is generally the most effective. Democratic leaders raise guidance to the stem, but also participative in the assembly and allow input from other members. 3) Delegative (Laissez-Fair style) †this type of leadership consider to be less productive among above mentioned.\r\nMost of men are holding overlooking style of leadership, but it depends from sphere and location. As for women, some of them are combining autocratic and elected style, some are keeping democratic one. The relation of leadership and management is continuous process. I would say that when people are mentioning leadership they stil l note management.\r\nIt is attached to the psychology of leadership: one of the differentiating factors between management and leadership is the ability or even necessity to renovate and inspiration. A leader may be deifined as one who can hold direction to an individual or radical of individuals and will be using skills of psychology to affect that separate either consciously or subconsciously. 12\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nThose who seem to be natural leaders and effectively inspire groups without consciously acknowledging the strategies or tactics used are considered charismatic leaders. On the other hand, the conscious leader applies a frame of psychological tactics that affect the reactions of a group to the environment they exist in.\r\nAccording to the organizational psychology disciplines, leadership is a product of awareness and command of the reactions and influences of a group on the individual, as well as the individual on the group. A leader’s fulfilmentful application of directive organizational psychology by modifying specific consistent behaviors towards the group may raise changes in the organizational civilization.\r\nThe level of passion and efficiency that is developed in the goal will be defined by the emotional try fulfilled by a directive leader’s ability to create a greater purpose with the group.\r\nWhat makes effective leadership? Leadership keeps up its potential by natural eon tally to established rules. The simplest way to measure the effectiveness of leadership to involve evaluating process, later he/she can as leader master it. However, this approach may measure power kinda than leadership. To measure leadership more specifically, one may assess the conclusion of influence on the followers, that is, the amount of leading.\r\nEffective leaders generate prouder productivity and opportunities. Leaders create results, reach goals, and realize vision and obje ctives quickly and with high level of quality. The useable leadership model conceives leadership as a set of behaviors that helps a group perform a toil, reach their goal, or perform their function. In this model, effective leaders encourage functional behaviors and discourage dysfunctional ones.\r\nLeader has the function of clarification the path toward the goals of the group, by meeting the needs of subordinates. The quality of the leadership process: An effective leader has to get a group of potentially diverse and knowing people, many of whom have unbendable personalisedities to work together toward a common output. 13\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nThe following suggested qualities of leadership: technical and specific skills, charismatic inspiration it is attractiveness to others and the ability to leverage this regard to motivate others, clear sense of purpose, mission, clear goals, focus, commitment, results-orientation it is d irecting every action towards a mission via priority of activities to throw time where results most arise, cooperation, optimism. Ability to encourage and nurture those that report to them †substitute in such a way as people will grow, role models, self-knowledge, self-awareness an ability to lead.\r\nLeaders have to understand the environment, how they lead and how they affect and are affected by it. The leadership characteristics as innate labels some people as born leaders. Leadership development involves identifying and measuring leadership qualities, screening potential leaders, then training those with potential.\r\nLeadership skills mostly are a pattern of motives. The successful leaders will tend to have a high need for power, a low need for affiliation. Leadership behavior acquires a function not only of the characteristics of the leader, but of the characteristics of followers as well. These following determinants include: the nature of the delegate; organizationa l policies, climate, and culture; the p key outences of the leader’s superiors; the expectations of peers; the reciprocal responses of followers. The nature of the chore, the requirements for accuracy, the acceptance of an initiative, time-constraints, cost constraints.\r\nThe following cover leadership styles: articulate vision to followers, leaders display a passion, they engage in dramatic/extraordinary behavior, leaders show a high spot of faith, confidence, and persistence in them selves. Leaders need to have a very high degree of self-confidence and moral conviction.\r\nThey see their followers as competent, credible, and trusdeucerthy. Leaders communicate expectations of high performance from their followers and warm confidence in their followers’ ability to meet such expectations and confidence in followers. Leaders motivate followers, leaders see as of peculiar(prenominal) relevance to\r\n14\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrku lova\r\nthe successful accomplishment of the vision and mission. To behave followers to accept and implement change, outstanding leaders engage in frame alignment. This bear ons to the linkage of individual and leader interpretive orientations such that some set of followers’ interests, values, and beliefs, as well as the leader’s activities, goals, and ideology, becomes congruent and complementary. Leaders a great deal, but not always, communicate their message in an inspirational manner using stories, slogans, and symbols.\r\nEven though these ten leadership behaviors and approaches do not really equate to specific styles, evidence has started to accumulate that a leader’s style can make a difference. behavior becomes the key to the formulation and implementation of strategy and plays an important role in work-group members’ activity and in group citizenship. Little doubt exists that the way or style in which leaders influence work-group members c an make a difference in their own and their people’s performance.\r\nFor instance, how leaders and managers are differentiating? Leaders innovate, ask what and why, focus on people, do the right things, develop, inspire consider, have a greater-term perspective, have an eye on the horizon, originate, and show originality. As for managers, they administer, ask how and when question, focus on systems, do things right, maintain, rely on control. As for management styles, if we look to various styles of management, it depend on the culture of the concern, the nature of the task, the nature of the work force and the personality and skills of the leaders too.\r\nThe style of leadership is dependent upon the everyday circumstances, on that pointfore leaders should exercise a float of leadership styles and should deploy them as appropriate. For example, an autocratic manager makes all the decisions, keeping the information and decision making among management personnel. The ob jectives and tasks are set and the workforce is evaluate to do exactly as required. The communication concern with this method is mainly downward, from the leader to the subordinate. The main advantage of this style is that the\r\n15\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ndirection of the employment will remain constant, and the decisions will all be similar, this in uprise can project an image of a confident, well managed pedigree. On the other hand, subordinates may become exceedingly dependent upon the leaders and supervision may be needed.\r\nAnother form is also essentially dictatorial. However the decisions tend to be in the best interests of the employees rather than the wrinkle. The leader explains most decisions to the employees and ensures that their friendly and leisure needs are always met. This can help difference out the lack of worker motivation caused by an autocratic management style.\r\nThis style can be highly advantageous , and can engender loyalty from the employees, leading to a lower labour turnover, thank to the accent on amicable needs. It copes similar disadvantages to an despotic style; employees becoming highly dependent on the leader, and if the wrongly decisions are made, then employees may become discontentment with the leader.\r\nIn a Democratic style, the manager allows the employees to persuade part in decision-making: therefore everything is agreed by the major(ip)ity. The communication is extensive in both directions from subordinates to leaders and from leaders to subordinates. This style can be in particular useful when complex decisions need to be made that require a range of specialist skills.\r\nFrom the general business’s point of view, job contentment and quality of work will improve. However, the decision-making process is intemperately slowed down, and the need of a consensus may avoid taking the best decision for the business. It can go against a better ch oice of action. In a capitalist leadership style, the leader’s role is computer peripheral and staff-manage their own areas of the business.\r\nTherefore, leader avoid uncoordinated charge occurs. The communication in this style is horizontal, meaning that it is equal in both directions, however very little communication occurs in comparison with other styles. The style brings out the best in highly professional and creative 16\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ngroups of employees, however in many efforts it is not deliberate and is simply a result of silly management. This leads to a lack of staff focus and sense of direction, which in turn leads to much dissatisfaction, and a abject company image. The word leadership can refer to ability to get people to follow by their will.\r\n5.2. Leadership and management.\r\n‘True leaders have an supernatural way of enrolling people in their vision through and through their optimism â € sometimes unwarranted optimism’, Bennis, W., and Nanus, B., 2004. To continue my thesis I am writing about leadership and management. In the book of Bennis, W., and Nanus, B. about the leadership and management I found out an interesting the author’s attempt which distinguish the leadership from management. This book draw men’s leadership and management, also strategies of leadership.\r\nThe main description here is that men use their power, placement in leadership; also they are result-oriented and communicative. Authors express that leadership skills were once thought a matter of birth. Leaders were born, not made summoned to their calling through some unfathomable process. This might be called the ‘ large Man’ theory of leadership. Here authors pointed out, that leaders are natural born and that environment, time, and situation dictate the style of leadership. Here we can see that leaders mostly are male-politicians, they reviewed through leadership style and strategies of leadership.\r\nThis research is found in interviews of leaders, gives a clarification to see what the difference between the leadership and management. The leadership and management are different because of the characteristics of leaders, also how leaders work and what are their attitudes to their followers, and how they achieve their goals. According to the authors’ opinion, leader should not only direct and exercise power, but also facilitate for teamwork. In gild to identify the note between the leaders and managers, the book investigated the characteristics of\r\n17\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nleadership, the role of fond computer architecture, the significance of the visions of leaders, importance of optimism and trusteeship of leaders.\r\nAccording to this research, there is a big difference between management and leadership and both are important without doubt. As we know one of the pre valent expression is that managers are people who do things right and leaders is people who do the right thing. In other words, to manage †is to accomplish something, to have charge of/or function to conduct. The definition of management †is the act of getting people together to accomplish propensityd goals.\r\nManagement includes planning, organizing, resourcing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing contains the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technical resources, and natural resources. Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act of management.\r\nAs for leading, is to influence, guide in direction, course, action, opinion. The leadership †is the process of influencing people while operating to meet organizational requirements and improving the organization through change. Leadership †as c hange agents who guide their followers onto new heights, while along the way, they develop and grow their followers.\r\nLeaders two driving goals should be make the organization a success. Anyone can become a leader that has the willingness and drive to achieve that goal. Traits can be changed or decrease by focusing upon the more in petition(predicate) traits. unless the better leaders concentrate on and grow their desirable traits so that they over-power their weaker traits.\r\n18\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nFurthermore, a very important that there are iv strategies of leadership: front of all, attention through vision, meaning through communication, trust through positioning and the deployment of self through collateral self regard. These four strategies makes clear how the leaders become leaders, what kind of tools and mechanisms are used in order to achieve success. Regarding the initiatory strategy, authors make do about the unity between the leaders and followers.\r\nBy their opinion attention of leaders to followers is considered as one of the major strategies. In addition, in this part of strategy authors mention about the vision and organization. According to their research, the organization has a clear sense of its purpose, direction, and desired future state and when this image is widely share, individuals are able to find their own roles in the organization.\r\nIn other words, for the success of their organization leaders should deliver their vision for their followers. In the first strategy, research also took into account the importance of past, present and future. For the successful leadership the leader should analyze the whole nature of organization, including its past business, present situation and future vision.\r\nThe second strategy, so called meaning through communication also develops the importance of unity between leaders and followers. According to this research work, communicati on creates meaning for people. The only way any group, small or large, can become aligned behind the overarching goals of organization. In many big companies, leaders are just busy with their business meetings and because of their busy catalogue they sometimes even don’t see often their workers. However, as it is argued, communication and interaction between the leaders and followers is very important.\r\nRegarding the second strategy it was also mentioned about the social architecture. By the author’s opinion social architecture is very important for leaders. They believe that social architecture presents a shared interpretation of organizational events, so that members know how they are 19\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n pass judgment to behave. Organization’s social architecture servicings as a control mechanism, proscribing particular kind of behavior. Social architecture is very important for leaders. It is argued that when organizations develop they might need to change or shape their market performance depending on the necessity. In this case it is very significant to take into consideration the social architecture as well. In general, the social architecture is a very important part in the company’s development, because it is built for many years.\r\nIn some companies employees are used to work with the self comparable(prenominal) structure and methods for a long period of time. Therefore, it is obvious when company wants to change its market performance it will meet difficulties. In the case of product changes and transformation, companies need at first to make a relevant approach to their followers.\r\nAs for the third strategy, it is also considered as one of the most important ingredients of all organizations. According to authors view, Bennis, W., and Nanus, B., (2004) they maintain that, ‘trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and leaders together. It cannot b e mandated or purchased, it\r\nmust be earned. How the trust can be earned? and how long it will take to earn it? In order to earn the trust in the organization there should be teamwork policy. Organization should work as one team, and it can strengthen unity.’\r\nRegarding the trust authors also argue that in order to earn trust there should be a clear interpretation of leader’s position and their vision of work for their followers. give care in the first and second strategies, the main point is that followers should have clear idea, what is the position and what are the main objectives of the organization. In addition, authors gave information about the purpose of organizational positioning.\r\nIn order to make it clear, their research makes a distinction between the human organizations and other organisms. In addition, agree to their analysis, there are four main strategies that leaders choose in order to position their organization: reactive, change the internal environment, change 20\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nthe external environment, and establish a new linkage between the external and internal environments. All of these strategies are purposed for leaders to earn trust, because all of the strategies are aimed to make a clear vision of the leader’s position to their followers. The last strategy is also very interesting, which is called deployment of self. This means that leaders are perpetual learners, some of the leaders learn from reading books while most of the leaders learn from other people.\r\nThe research negotiation not only about how leaders learn, but also it makes a reference to organizational mount. For example, it is stated that, organizational learning is the process by which an organization obtains and uses new knowledge, tools, behaviors, and values. It happens at all levels in the organization †among individuals and groups as well as system wide.\r\nThe way that authors made clarification of differences between leadership and management is useful and interesting. I completely agree with them that in the current world it is very important for organizations to forebode and oversee the future perspectives. Because, the success of the organization and leadership depends not only past and current situation analysis, but also it highly depends upon the future vision of the leaders.\r\nWithin this connection, this book very informative in terms of leadership perspectives since authors made accent on men style, strategies which can be used by leaders for their followers. My judgment of this definition and description is that men as leaders have to improve their skills and take into consideration that: ‘People don’t want to be managed. They want to be led.’\r\nThe whole book is dedicated to men as leaders, and authors gave examples of politicians, it proves that most of leaders are men. The same can be qualified to organizatio n’s leadership. However, my writing is about men and women leadership and management differences. That’s why I will continue saying about female leadership and what the main differences from male one. 21\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n5.3. anthropoid’s and female’s style in leadership.\r\n‘ finding roles for women isn’t the problem. Finding one for men is.’ Margaret Mead, http://www.albatrus.org/men_natural_leaders.htm As we know, women enter leadership sphere, which mainly occupied by men. The leadership styles of women and men are differs. What are the differences or similarities, what women and men do and how they deal with this?\r\nMostly there is basic information about leadership styles of women and men on the example of autocratic and democratic styles of both men and women. The behavior of women and men in leadership style related to leadership roles. It is different for men and women a nd the fact that women face more barriers to become leaders, especially for leader roles that are male-dominated. This issue is usually discussed in terms of leadership styles, than behavior.\r\nDistinctions in styles can be important because they are one factor that may affect people’s views about whether women should become leaders. It is not surprising that women are the usual focus of discussions of the tinct of gender on leadership.\r\nFrom one side, the differences in leadership style can provide a rationale for excluding women from opportunities and especially from maledominated leadership roles. From another side, the perceptual experience of sameness would fail to acknowledge the relational qualities which are traditional source of female pride and that may contribute to superior performance by women leaders. nevertheless differences and similarity is not the main point.\r\nTherefore, leadership styles of women and men are different, probably because women more c ooperative and col delveative, but less hierarchical, than men. However, men and women have different social roles, for instance in the family and employment place. The main differences of\r\n22\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nmen from women, that male are bumptious, controlling, and confident tendency, for example: they characterized as ‘aggressive, inhalations, dominant, independent, self-confident and competitive’. On the contrary, women are ‘affectionate, kind, helpful, sympathetic, nurturant, socially sharp and gentle’, Alice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, (2003). Having different characteristics male and female try to adopt each others’ style of leadership in order to be competent in leader roles.\r\nAnother point of view, that leadership doesn’t know the gender. The definition of leader is a person named by the group as the leader, person who group members cover to be the leader, person who has the greatest influence on the groups’ decision and who actually performs leadership behaviors. According to the task behavior women emphasize production.\r\nThey will continue their strong contributions to the task at hand when the group is doing well, where as men will reduce their contributions as the group does better. It was found out that female leaders spend more time communicating about the task on hand than men, as they make more off-task comments. There are suggestions to strengthen females and their work in group. They generate twice as many adjective suggestions in resolving conflicts as men do. It is usually because females worked substantially harder than any other member in the group.\r\nWhen we look to the social-emotional behaviors, we can tell that women are more in all probability to meet the social-emotional needs of the group slightly more than men do. Women are rated as being more interpersonally warm during the first interactions then male leaders. Females using an authoritarian style of leadership were perceive less favorably than males using the same style. In decision making, women use a democratic or participative style than men. Men who worked\r\n23\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nunder women supervision were more opened for the leadership of a woman. Women value auditory sense as a skill that makes others bumps both palmy and important.\r\nHow women interact and what kind of way they are using: First of all, women have an equalitarian (a person who believes in the comparison of all people) view among themselves. Secondly, women are described to be more cooperative and supportive, while their male counterparts tend to be more self-assertive and competitive.\r\nThirdly, women desire leaders who are cooperative, empathetic, supportive, democratic, and calm. Fourthly, most women perceive leadership more as a facilitation and organization rather then power and dominance. If we summarize a bove written, females and males are equally effective leaders. In addition, female and male leaders are equally effective in conflict management styles. The only difference in female and male conflict management styles include age, education, and managerial experience the leaders must share similarities to one another.\r\nBoth, ‘men and women who have female bosses are more collaborative, and less aggressive than men’, Alice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, (2003). They want consensus, emphasize team mental synthesis, are more nurturing and empathetic, and are more approachable. However, males are still frequently rated more despoticly than females for the same behaviors. Men show more leadership, have higher-quality contributions, being more desirable for hiring, meriting a higher salary, and more responsible job.\r\nFor the same behaviors females were rated as more emotional, less warm, less sensitive, and less attractive than males. Women have begun to increase their indi vidual power, independence, assertiveness, and competitiveness. Male dominance is effectively reduced when people are reminded of their equalitarian attitudes.\r\n24\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nLeaders are pass judgment to create conditions under which joint learning and continuous improvement can occur. Achieving these knowledge- found outcomes depends on emotional or relational intelligence. It includes the next skills: self-awareness, listening, empathy, also learn from others and empower others. So, leadership based on individual achievement, focused on collective learning and plebeian influence, also noted by classless relational skills and emotional intelligence.\r\nMale and female can display individualism, assertiveness and dominance are socially attributed to men and generally understood as masculine. The interpretation of this event is to predict that the supplanting to new leadership practices will create a female advantage . But this process toward new models of leadership is more complex, because the shift is related to a gendered power dynamic, not just to gender. It is more interesting because it is about gender united shift in the very understanding of how to achieve business success.\r\nTo investigate these involvements we need to understand the association of authoritative characteristics with masculinity and feminity and what has to do with the rules for business success. The main reason for that the way to view the social world separate into two spheres of activity: the public sphere, for instance work. And the private sphere †family and community.\r\nThis way of seeing the world is so natural. For instance, labor in the work sphere is anticipate to be skilled, dependent on training and labor in the domestic sphere. This gender separation of two spheres of life is significant in leadership. The ‘label feminine and masculine is attributed as certain characteristics’ and how to do heavy work in each sphere, Alice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, (2003).\r\nWomen are active participants in the domestic area †family and men are active in the work area. These images of gender linked attributes are idealized, but have a sinewy effect expected to act in each on how men and women act. Also how they are expected to act in each sphere and what 25\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ntypes of behavior are considered appropriate and inappropriate. The view of separate spheres helps us see that new models of leadership break some basic principles and beliefs about gender, power, individual achievement, also work and family.\r\n5.5. Research study and finding\r\n‘You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You must do the thing you think you cannot do’. Eleanor Roosevelt, This citation from web site: http://www.nwlink. com. I found out during my rese arch study that there is a really nice concept about natural born leaders, it means born to lead. This finding opens view that both, female and male are natural born leaders and can lead followers willingly.\r\nThis approach is a theory of male’s and female’s leadership. That means leaders are people who can act according to the situations, be flexible, adaptative to the environment, and in compliance with the style of leadership. During research it is important to characterize who are leaders, what are gender differences, and leadership styles. As for leaders’ definition, they are people with concept of natural born leaders †born to lead. Leaders, both male and female, believe in their own actions and inspire followers for reaching goals.\r\nThere is gender, which is a social construct, and there is what is referred to as a masculine or feminine leadership style. These leadership styles are based on how female and male are usually socialized, but a man or woman might use a masculine or feminine style. That’s why good leaders of both genders are able to use these styles according to the current or particular situation. All leaders have some preferred styles which their can use to approach things. Female and male leaders learn the skills by themselves and develop people around them with these strengths.\r\nThe research study about females’ and males’ leadership shows that women, gender, and leadership mean very different things to different people. Therefore, some women still perceive\r\n26\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nmany barriers and challenges. Females usually have to work harder and perform better, but they are perceived as having more opportunities.\r\nWomen in management are desirable because females bring a different style of leadership. For example, female bring a less aggressive and more intuitive style, also they tend to keep the authoritarian masculine style. These softer skills are more in demand today rather than the aggressive, dominating style of men. At the same time females need to be more motivated and encouraged by them and family because they fight for promotion.\r\nSince women merge job with family, so they pursue their selfish ambition to place their careers ahead of family responsibilities. What the ways of leading and how female lead? Women managers are succeeding in leadership by drawing on what is unique to their experience as women.\r\nAccording to practice, men and women in similar managerial jobs make the same amount of bullion and experience. But in leadership styles there are differences: Male are much more wish wellly than women to view leadership as a serial of transactions with subordinates, and to use their position and control of resources to motivate their followers.\r\nFemale, on the other hand, are far more standardizedly than men to describe themselves as transforming subordinates’ egoism into co ncern for the whole organization. Women are using personal traits like charisma, work record, and interpersonal skills to motivate others. Women leaders develop and practice interaction or synergetic leadership.\r\nThey are trying to make every interaction with coworkers, it is positive for all involved in participation, also they encourage, share power and information, make people feel important, and energizing them. In general, women have been expected to be supportive and cooperative. This is one of explanation why women leaders today tend to be more interactive than men. But interactive leadership should not be linked directly to being female, since some men use that style and some women prefer the democratic style. That is why female and male in\r\n27\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nthis are having similar features of leadership because organizations that are open to leadership styles with individuals’ strengths will increase thei r opportunities in a fast-changing environment.\r\nHowever, for women in leadership, it is very important to develop and keep interpersonal skills and professional competence, since it plays a big role in achieving results. There are some good suggestions how to make good and quick decisions for women in business insight. The principle consists of skill’s set where men are consistently rated by bosses as outperforming women. Figure out how to increase profitable emersion, customer retention and customer acquisition.\r\nCommunicate effectively to people at all levels in organization, including a boss, colleagues, and subordinates. It is better to state the goals or successes in terms of how what people are doing helps the organization reach their key goal. If women get to the point, try do not lose control, state things in absolutes and not questions, so they are training their skills and as female-leaders learning how to overcome successfully.\r\nIn addition, there are many females who learn and improve their business skills by networking. There are many attainments that women gain, practice skills which are wiped out(p) for success in the business world. That’s why women are coordinating their calendars and setting a schedule to network. The information gained by networking can keep women informed of the latest trends. Women have unique ideas and their implement them during discussions with colleagues.\r\nThe business experience that women have is tools for success in the business world. Some women network with their suppliers and distributors to find out what their thoughts are on getting a product to market. Women serve an active role at home and in the office, they are having skills to deal with conflicts that can occur. Women learn to equilibrate job in business with a family life,\r\n28\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nthat’s why get out of obstacles and come up with a manageable solution. Th ey wise(p) these skills by networking with professionals.\r\nTherefore a growth of women in business increased. One of the reasons is that this rate of growth might be because the women set goals that they wanted to reach. And, these women have taken an intensive and assertive step for taking positions of leadership. That’s why many women have remarkable rate of success in business. One of the positive reasons is that their goals included training that would put together them to operate a business successfully.\r\nWomen are applying for business at the same rate as male leaders. Women learn to guide the growth of their companies by using various resources at their disposal. Equity from a business perspective is considered as a measurement for the success and growth of a company. Women are successful in business because they are open to learn and get new skills.\r\nWomen grow businesses better because developed assiduity in dealing with problems, also they learn to treat a successful outcome to any problems. The growth of women in business is increasing; some of them learned to manage money, budgets and operate with finance.\r\nWomen are growing strong in the business world because they have a different management style, it is named as finance. The growing rate of successful women in business is due to their skills people that they do business with. They have confidence when work in the team and built a trust in everyone in the company. From the people that manage their finance to the people that deliver their goods, women know that their businesses will grow because it is personal to everyone at work.\r\nThe analysis taken from my research study can be following. Females may try to be something other than what they are, adopting a masculine style, for example, and not being authentic can be a mistake for any leader. That’s why this way of leadership style can bring positive reflection and\r\n29\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r \nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nresults on own attitude, habits, goals, career opportunity. Leaders need to understand their strengths and their priorities, as well as the culture, policies, and systems around them. There are wonderful opportunities, but this means women have enormous choices and a much broader range of prototypes to think about and analyze.\r\nSome of females are making progress in taking leadership roles in organizations. It is clear that women can go all the way to the top today. And it is clear that female leaders face some problems as others, including men. Female with a high potential are in unlikely demand, so companies need to look at how to sustain these women.\r\nHowever, for today, the drive to the equalitarian roles of male and female is not a fight against of men or women. Also, it is not a war against men and their rights, family life and mutual respect between the sexes. The equality model is that has as much relevance to a modern society. This equality is a delicate balance of power, respect and share of responsibilities between men and women. That’s why egalitarian style is making female and male an economical and productive, flexible and effective.\r\nThis is proof of the fact that the best leaders are married people; they are the best in leadership. For instance, men are best when they lead and provide for their families, at the same time they improve themselves through skills of leaders and contribute their positive impact to society and vice versa. Both male and female get leadership skills during their study, education, job experience, trainings, seminars, they obtain good characteristics as qualifications, intelligence, hard work, and so forth.\r\nThe best leaders, female and male, use rationally and successfully all obtained skills according to their surroundings, job occupation, environment, situation. That’s why all the time the best females’ and males’ leaders are trying to keep the following: â€Å"They do the things they think they can not do…”\r\n30\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n6. Conclusion\r\nIn this thesis I wrote about leaders, leadership style and management, differences of male and female in leadership. I found out that many people are natural born leaders. They gain skills of leaders and learn leadership, both male and female.\r\nAs for women, they are combining autocratic and democratic style of leadership. However, men and women have different social roles, for instance in the family and employment place. As for men, they are holding autocratic style of leadership, but it depends from sphere and location. Therefore, women’s and men’s leadership style be with their roles. For example, women are keeping house and working, at the same time men are taking part in housing, but mostly they are making career and busy with job. The priority men are giving to their job occupation.\r\nAnyway, men an d women have different characteristics and try to adopt each others’ style of leadership in order to be competent as leaders. Also, if male and female leaders are keeping skills of natural born leaders, such as ‘self-awareness, building rapport, clarify expectations’, develop others as leaders, ‘develop leadership influence skills’, to influence others follow willingly, create a motivating environment, so they are competent, desired, and essential as leaders in many spheres: business, politics, education, sport, and so forth.\r\nIn addition, interpersonal skills and professional competence are important. Male and female could use these skills, and all above mentioned too, achieve results and reach their goals, it is very important for men and women.\r\nI would like to conclude my thesis by bonny words which mostly related to business and sounded as meaningful expression: ‘Read Play similar a Man, Win Like a charwoman’. (From the follo wing web.site: http:// www.evancarmichael.com/Leadership/Women-Leadership.html).\r\n31\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nAcknowledgement\r\nI would like to express my warm words as thanks to Dr. Professor Phillippe Daudi and Professor Mikael Lundgren for instilling and suggesting in thesis writing, and to course Coordinator Teresa Johansson for making good support during thesis procedures and studying. It is very interesting interactions among students and professors and teaching staff. It gives motivation for study research and positive reflection for the thesis writing.\r\nBesides, it was very interesting for me to be in a role of resistance for another male team of master thesis with similar topic, for the first time. I think it is an active process and good experience of study in international environment. The final seminars were essential and useful for understanding of different topics, and point of view of other students on the same th ings. Therefore, studying is an interesting progress of intellectual growth, it gives a new knowledge which can be used in get ahead job occupation and development of own career.\r\n32\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nReferences\r\nAlice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, The Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 807-834. The female Leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence, Article. Bennis, W., and Nanus, B., harpist backing, New Yourk, (2004). Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge. Blank Warren, Saranac Lake, NY, ground forces: AMACOM, (2001). 108 Skills of Natural Born Leaders.\r\nJudith G. Oakley, Journal of Business Ethics, (2000), Gender-based Barriers to sr. Management Positions: Understanding the Scarcity of Female CEOs.\r\nhttp://www.albatrus.org/men_natural_leaders.htm, Men †natural leaders, by Alan Barron. http://www.evancarmichael.com/Leadership/Women-Leadership.html.Women Leadership. http://www.leadershiparticles.net, Women In B usiness Network, Growth Rate Of Women In Business, by Jim Brown. http://www.sclmcoach.com, 2002, Women’s Style of Leadership, by Alicia M. Rodrigues. http://www.nwlink.com, quotes. http://www.wisdomquotes.com/cat_leadership.html.\r\n33\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nEnclosure: Guide for Thesis writing (Summary)\r\nThis is an enclosure for master thesis that I supposed to use for making research at the beginning. This guide was suggested to the thesis writing as directing principle or instruction, that’s why it is left as reminder and direction in this enclosure.\r\nA short guide for thesis is as a summary of main points, which gives a view of the whole thesis. Starting from research area I would like to say that according to the thesis theme Female and Gender Leadership, it concern of male and female leadership styles and leads to narrow of research toward female leadership.\r\nResearch problem and/or issue/question remain the same: What are the main distinctions of men and women leadership and management styles in the context of gender and leader role? How male and female hierarchies can bring to investigate leadership role in companies and organizations?\r\nI would like to add that this area and questions is very actual now, and will bring to female leadership, how women are implementing their leadership and management style and what kind of features and organizational culture their hold. In another words, how women deal with leadership and management in the male-dominated world.\r\nThe importance and hint of the research is both interrelated. Therefore, each research is important and will have results first of all for the writer/author, tutor, than for all interested in it parties. The importance of this research is a core for making investigation. The implication\r\n34\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nshould drive for using research methods and analyzes in order to conduct thesis writing in a way of doing own best. The usefulness and implication of this research consists of understanding of female leadership and further thinking about career, employment, etc. for women.\r\nProposed methodology: I would like to use qualitative method for conference relevant information and use an articles, books, and statistical information if it possible. To make analyzes of research data and formalize it to the answer of research question is one of the important issue during thesis writing.\r\nTheoretical context of the research (area/ topic/ question): The research area is male and female leadership and management. The object of study is men and women in the context of leadership and management, with further narrowing of female leadership and management style. While making research the different leadership theories can be reviewed and applied according to the necessity.\r\nAs for feasibility, I believe that it can be done according to the thesis instruc tions and tutor’s feedback, advices, including own contribution to the thesis investigation. The thesis is an important one and students will gain and improve their own research and writing skills.\r\nMy vision of expected results is realistic and will be based on the chosen research question, methods and time plan (schedule of thesis writing). This thesis theme is interesting and could bring new knowledge about female leadership as a study for future perspectives of men and women leadership role.\r\n35\r\n'