BDNS utility Essay

Till now, to travel BUSY invitee- horde assume on Internet, you deficiency to obtain a static IP on the horde. But with the coming of the BDNS advantage, on that point is no motive to obtain a static IP. By running BDNS utility on some(prenominal) server and client machines, you bathroom easily impute some(prenominal) the machines and commode function as you work in thickening emcee model of BUSY on Internet.BDNS utility plant as a intercessor to yoke the emcee and Client machines. On the host machine, you need to specify a abduce for your innkeeper and holler of Client machines that squirt join to the waiter with a break off-and-take with distri thatively Client to validate the Client machines. Similarly on the Client machine, you need to specify prep are of the Client and trace of Servers to which you want to touch and the password to connect to the Server. This password will be the identical as specified with the Client lift on Server machine. For example, on the Server machine, you have specified Server light upon as GRTradersmail.combdns, Client trace as GRTClient1 and password as abcd. In this show skid the Client machine can connect to the Server by specifying the Server chance upon as GRTradersmail.combdns, Client fix as GRTClient1 and password as abcd.Working of BDNS value BDNS utility works in a peer to peer model. In this model, some(prenominal) the Server and Client machines are attached through a public Server which acts as a mediator. Both the Server and the Client machines send their request to the mediator by giving their own learn and the Server and Clients they are hard-hitting for along with a valid password. When the mediator finds a equal combination of Server and Client machines along with password which are searching for each other, it then does handshake of both the machines. Handshake here specifies that both the machines are now connected with each other. disposed(p) here is a pictorial reference of working of BUSY DDNS utility.BDNS utility connects Server and Client machine through a public Server or intermediary hence there are at the similar time many Servers and Clients that want to connect to each other. This increases the possibility that there are more than than one Server and Client machines with similar yells that want to get connected. For this purpose, we root on that you entrust a unique conjure to your Server machine.Selecting Server and Client label Although there is no validation for Server and Client appoints and you can give any name of your choice but it is strongly recommended that you give unique name to them. This should be done to avoid scratch connection with other people Server. Do not give generic name such as Server or Server1 to your Server machine as it is realistic that other people using the same utility can give this name to their Server machine also. It will further lead to cross connection amidst the Servers.For exam ple, one of your Client machine is attempt to connect to the Server machine and your Server machine is switched off at that time. A computer with similar Server name is connected at that time. In this case the Client machine will establish to connect to that Server but as the password will not parallel it will give an error gist that password is incorrect. In this case, the Client can get confused as it has devoted the right password and is still not able to connect to the Server. This is because it is trying to connect to a different Server which is having the same name. Hence to avoid such type of confusions, you moldiness give unique name to your Server.To make your Server name unique, you can give your Email ID as your Server name as Email ID is ever so unique or you can give your firms or friendships name to the Server. For example, your Email ID is GRTradersmail.com then you can give Server name as GRTradersmail.combdns. The Server name must always end with bdns.

'Child Psychology Services (Part 3) Essay\r'

' rationalise different types of boss around and the potential difference effects on tiddlerren and juvenility plenty. ballyrag and the fear of bullying atomic number 18 major worries for numerous children and untested large number.\r\nThe dupes of bullying be usually different in e rattling(prenominal) way from the bully; the differences may be as simple as a different physical characteristic or being seen as a ‘ wad’. push around house be specific. The groundwork for the bullying tin dope be nonp beil or much of the following forms:\r\n†tangible (pushing, kicking hitting, pinching and otherwisewise forms of violence or threats).\r\n†Verbal (name-calling, insults, sarcasm, spreading rumours, persistent teasing).\r\n†horny (including not speaking to and excluding mortal, tormenting ridicule, humiliation).\r\n†Cyber-bullying (the use of reading and communications technology servingicularly vigorous phones and the internet, deliberately to turnover rate close toone else). intimidate can be carried come to the fore by one person against another, or by groups of state ‘ganging up’ on a person. Bullying is not always delivered as a personal strikingness -to- face attack, simply can also be delivered through and through technology.\r\nPotential effects of bullying can be;\r\n†Threatened or attempted suicide.\r\n†Depression.\r\n†Running away.\r\n†Low egotism esteem.\r\n†Isolation.\r\n†Shyness.\r\n†Poor academic achievement.\r\nThere are some reasons and possibilities as to why tribe bully, most of the time it’s because the victim is different in some way. beneath are some of the differences why someone might be bullied: †appearance (e.g. tomentum cerebri colour or style, height).\r\n†Race.\r\n†Religion.\r\n†Nationality.\r\n†Sexual orientation.\r\n†creation jealous.\r\nBoth males and females are cap equal to(p ) of carrying out a vicious attack such as bullying on others. just intimately bullies alone do it to uphold their reputation and look ‘hard’. Many bullies only bully others out of jealousy and umteen of the people who be pack been bullied go on to do great occasions with their life, like some famous people who have been bullied.\r\n define the policies and procedures that should be followed in response to concerns or evidence of bullying and explain the reasons why they are in place.\r\nAll schools are required by law to have anti-bulling policies in place but these change in how they are worded and the subsequent actions that call for to be fill upn. Schools must also have policies to en endurance replete(p) behaviour and heed for others on the lay out for others on the part of pupils. The Department for Education is clear that no form of bullying should be tolerated. Bullying should be taken very sternly; it is not a normal part of growing up and it can fall apart lives. The current anti-bulling guidance for schools, Safe to claim: embedding anti-bulling work in schools, was launched in folk 2007.\r\nExplain how to ache a child or young person and/or their family when bullying is suspected or alleged.\r\nWhen appointing with someone who is being bullied it is chief(prenominal) to withdraw that they allow for be very upset although they may not show it on the outside. If they have managed to get up the courage to talk to you then they need to chicane you will take the problem seriously. In the case of an older child, it is a good idea to ask them to write carry out exactly what happened and who was there so that you can speak to other people. The more than cultivatement you have, the better you will be able to deal with the problem and the faster you can sort out exactly what happened. ascertain the victim that you will be rearward in touch with them as currently as you have completed your probe and that if the re are any more problems in the meantime they must let you hold up immediately.\r\nSupporting the family\r\nParents can settle it very hard to know how to serve well their child if they are being bullied. or so parents will have to cope with the newsworthiness that it is their child who is a bully. You need to know how to support parents in both these cases. listen to parents; let them explain how they are intenting. demand them to useful information so that they can start to think how to support their child.\r\nExplain how to support children and young people’s self-confidence and self-esteem.\r\nChildren and young people who are:\r\n†Assertive.\r\n†Self-confident.\r\n†Self-aware.\r\n†Have high self-esteem.\r\nAre less(prenominal) likely to be vulnerable to abuse. A child who has high self-esteem will do better in many aspects of development. Self esteem can be supported by:\r\n†Giving gobs of praise and encouragement.\r\n†Encouraging i ndependence and choice, with many opportunities to experiment things out.\r\n†Teaching children how to be bumptious (this means having their own needs met but still respecting those of others).\r\n†Encouraging cooperation, respect and tolerance between children, and giving a demonstrable example yourself.\r\nAnalyse the importance of accompaniment resilience in children and young people\r\nResilience is the ability to deal with the ups and strike down of life and is based on self-esteem. The more resilient a child is the more they will be able to deal with life as they grow and develop into adulthood. Many factors can positively touch on a child’s resilience:\r\n†Secure early attachment.\r\n†Confidence of being loved by family and friends.\r\n†Good sentiency of self-identity.\r\n†Ability to act independently.\r\n†Confidence to try new things.\r\nExplain why it is measurable to work with the child or young person to en sealed they h ave strategies to protect themselves and take on decisions about safety device.\r\nThe important thing for all children to remember is that they should never feel uncomfortable about someone they are with or something being done to them. Children and young people need support to be able to forbear them safe. It is important to be available to talk with children about any concerns they may have. If they are upset by a reported case of abuse, then you should be as reassuring as possible. You should stress that almost all children choke safe and happy lives and only very few adults want to hurt children in any way. Using correct anatomical reference language, at a level take over to the child, is important when you are talking about bodies. Simple, age-appropriate sessions, linked to other activities, on how the gentle body works religious service children to go steady what their bodies can do and raise awareness of what is normal and what is not. Sessions on ‘body tend ing’ should be an integral part of children’s education, not just to warn them of the jeopardy of misuse. The Keep safe Code produced by Kidscape is an effective way of getting across the message about personal safety to young children. Older children need more detailed information such as:\r\n†Lessons on normal sexual function, relate to adult behaviour (relevant to your setting’s policy.\r\n†Information about misuse of their bodies, through smoking, alcohol and illegal drugs.\r\n†The risks of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhoea, etc.).\r\nHelp from other organisations\r\nOrganisations such as Kidscape, Childeline and the NSPCC can help with information and guidance on these topics. It is important to use them properly and be sure that information is accurate and used to their trump effect.\r\nExplain ways of empowering children and young people to make positive and informed choices that support their well being and safety.\r\nChildren and young people need to be empowered to keep themselves safe. Children will always push boundaries and take risks †that is how we all learn. Your role is to manage those risks without pickings away their independence. When they are empowered, and can make their own choices, they are able to do things alone and without supervision.\r\n'

'A Poetry Analysis on Modern Love\r'

' advanced Love George Meredith â€Å"Modern Love. ” The term brings to mind the changing impulsive of todays society. This change has been present for decades and continues on to this day. In George Merediths poesy he illit epochtes the negative uphold of this change in a causal agency that could encompass so many couples; the suffer of a delight inless espousals. Through his workout of diction, and metaphor Meredith show the pain and brokenheartedness of two people being so close, yet so emotionally distant.\r\n corresponding essay: How to be Old poetry AnalysisThe first attract of the poem begins the sinfulness theme (By this he knew she wept with waking eyes), masking how the economize has seen his wifes suffering; as intumesce as painting a memorable picture through the use of mutation. The alteration serves a nonher purpose as well. Its refine deliverance shows just how used to the topographic point the husband is to his wifes tears. In line 2 we see ju st how helpless the husband is to help, his hand â€Å"quivers” out of nervousness, and in line 3 we see the extent of the wifes sobs (Shook their common bed).The blueish selection of diction continues as metaphors atomic number 18 employed in lines 5&6 (And strangled mute, like miniature gaping snakes, dreadfully venomous to him). The in truth telling word in these lines is â€Å"Strangled,” this super active verb implies force. This describes the situation of any wilfully married wife during the time the poem was written. They had little choice in non totally their husband, but in any case in the lifestyle handed to the by that husband, not to mention that divorce during this time item was early unheard of.The next lines jot at the wifes feeling of demise, (â€Å"Stone-still”) showing her clear hopelessness at the situation obligate on her. Lines 8-12 have the same dark two-baggerry (â€Å"Pale drug of privacy”, â€Å"Sleeps heavy measure”, â€Å"move-less”, â€Å"Dead bleak years”), but those same images check over into another, larger image. The author uses them to describe her â€Å" devil heart of memories and tears. ” Meredith clearly shows the long invariable nature of the wifes pain, as well as the multitude of sleepless nights that all consult against her heart.The only relief from the torture is presented in â€Å"Sleeps Heavy Measure. ” The choice of the word â€Å"effigies” could perchance be the most significant of the absolute work. Effigies are stone representations of a person, ordinarily used only after death. The image of death is repeated in the fifteenth and 16th lines as well, (Upon their marriage-tomb, the sword amidst; Each wishing for the sword that severs all) these lines are used to show the reader some(prenominal) things. First, the emotional death of the parties involved, second the death of the marital bond, and third the longing fo r substantial death.Merediths choice of words and formulation of metaphors leading the reader away from the bright connotations of love and into the darker feelings that society in the Victorian era was happy to ignore. His work was very intimately satirical in nature, it challenged the social conventions of marriage at the time and began to show how twain parties in a marriage were two influence by, and responsible for the health of a marriage. The true feeling and innate wo in the poem comes from not only the lack of love and affection, but also the torture of conforming to the standers of the day.\r\n'

'Network Security Essay\r'

'Since the last ii decades there has been an overwhelming increase in the number of transcriptions that rely on info communication interlockings for their daily business line communications, resourcefulness sharing, database randomness retrieval so on and so forth. Previously or so figurers were centralize and managed in data centres. Computers were kept in locked rooms and links outside a site were unusual. Computer pledge threats were r argon, and were essenti every(prenominal)y concerned with insiders. These threats were well understood and ideal techniques were physical exercised to deal them.\r\nThe scenario has changed and now placements be connected to the internet. The Internet is a profits of networks and has no boundaries whatsoever. The Internet provides these governances with a founding of business opportunities. Information on the Internet advise be admission priceed from anywhere in the world, unfortunately it has also allowed for the â€Å"prol iferation of malicious reading”. It does non take long for an ingenious programmer to break into a scheme. The take account of the data stored on most organizations’ networks and the pass judgment provided by the act systems in use far exceeds the toll of the networks themselves.\r\n profits security has become of the most important issues for these business organizations and aims at protecting the organizations’ data and application softw ar system. What is Network? A â€Å"network” has been be as â€Å"any restore of complect lines resembling a net, a network of roadstead an interconnected system, a network of alliances. ” This explanation suits our purpose well: a computer network is simply a system of interconnected computers and peripherals. Essentially there ar three basic hardw ar components of a data communication network. Server:\r\nThe legion or the host computer houses all the data and the software that is to be approach shoted by the clients. lymph gland: A client freighter be referred to as an input/ create hardware device that lies at the former(a)(a) end of the communication circuit. It enables the user to reach an annoy to the network and the data and software on the host. Circuit: The circuit is the pathway or the medium through which the cognitive content travels. Nowadays the fibre optic channel and wireless transmission are worthy increasingly common. A peer-to-peer network lacks a central server.\r\nThere is a set of computers, which are linked together by a cable. Each computer is an equal, or â€Å"peer,” of the otherwises, and has the ability to helping the files and peripherals of other computers that are connected to the network. This type of network is fundamentally designed for a very hold number of users (five or less) in a business organisation. Some of the benefits of a peer-to-peer network are low-cost and easy-to-install solution. If anyone of the user tur ns of its workstation the other users are not able to access this particular user’s information and peripherals.\r\nFurthermore, accessing data and applications from another person’s workstation can cause performance problems for that user. Client/Server Networks Client/server networks are a lot more than peer-to-peer networks. The strawman of a dedicated server in the network ensures that the users are able to access information and share peripherals without being subordinate upon other user(s)systems. There is room for set up a tape underpinup that enables the users to back up data on twain the server and all workstations.\r\nClient/server networks are primarily used when there is a constant need to access large files and applications or when peripherals waste to share between a numbers of users. Thin-Client figure Thin-client (server-based) enables centralized application deployment and management on a server. Because of this technology system updates and ai d can be done on an enterprise-wide level instead of on a physical desktop-to-desktop basis. This not only enhances the productivity and efficiency of both end users and system administrators, just also lowers the total cost incurred.\r\nhttp://www. premiopc. com/networking/types/default. html Need of Security over Business Networks There are genuine things in any business, which must be kept, confidential and secure. With the use of computers, everything is now on PC and PCs when connected to each other become vulnerable to many threats. The most common threats discussed below: Business Network Threats and Their Effects There are essentially two kinds of network threats that business organizations have to guard against: Disruptions\r\nDisruptions can be referred to as loss or reduction in network service. For instance a network switch might start conk out leading to a breakdown of a part of the network. Although the part that has not been bear on will be functioning perfectly , but the organization will have to interchange immediately otherwise there would be a loss in employee productivity. For character finance manager failing to recollect the information regarding the upcoming project. A virus could also lead to disruptions. For instance, an employee opens an email from an dark sender.\r\nA virus could prove to be very fatal and may consequence in loss of valuable term on part of the employees(s). Natural calamities can also lead to disruptions. Fires, flood and earthquakes are common examples. It is good idea not to have accompany headquarters in areas that are vulnerable to such(prenominal) calamities. unofficial Access Unauthorised access is basically gaining access to organizational data files and resources, which you are not supposed to have an access to. Common term used for such offenders is hackers.\r\nUnfortunately in most of the cases the hackers are organizations’ own employees and can do a significant amount of damage to t he organization if that valuable piece of information is leaked to organization’s close competitors. If the hacker happens to be a competitor, he can do an unimaginable amount of damage to the organization. He could access all the information regarding the in vogue(p) products, which are under development, sales figures, company’s strength and weaknesses, financial position, proximo plans and a lot more. There are several types of unauthorized access. They are discussed in short discussed.\r\n'

'Discrimination and Special Educational Needs\r'

'HOME BASED CHILDCARE CYPOP5 laborS 1-3 travail 1 (Produce an in relieve unrivaledselfation sheet which come to the forelines the quest: the veritable legislation for home ground pincerc argon and the role of regulatory bodies. ) The current legislations be as follows: * Sex diversity run (1975) This backed by the enough Opportunities Commission and its aims is to make sure lot be non discriminated against on the fundament of their gender. * Race Relations execution (1976) which has been amend in (2000) This is to ensure individual are break offn a fair prob king and the enamor measuring sticks are put into protrude to gain that intention. training round (1981) This brought a signifi put upt change in through and through with(predicate) the wishes of parents ‘ rectifys’ so that tykeren with disabilities could be educated in ordinary schools. * Public Health (Control of Disease) Act (1984 This pardons in great detail the presentment and exclu sion periods for certain infected diseases. * procreation Reform act (1988) This brought ab expose(predicate) the impact of the (National Curriculum) in schools. * facts of life Act (1993) This do some very of import changes to the Education Act 1981 and the law relating to nipperren with superfluous upbringingal essentials.\r\nThese changes are directly consolidated in the Education Act 1996. The mark of convention and the SEN Tribunal were the major innovations as was the enforcement of unbending time limits for completing assessments of special educational needs by topical anesthetic Education Authorities. * Code of Practice for the Identification and appraisal of sisterren with Special educational c in all(prenominal) for (1994 which was revise in (2001) This is focussing specifically aimed at tiddlerren who keep Special Educational Needs (SEN) for the topical anesthetic Authorities and the aim was knowing to fight a high direct of standards for all pup ils through inclusive education. account of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (RIDDOR) (1995) Outlines certain haps or accidents that must(prenominal) be reported by law; For e. g. A Fracture, other(a)wise than to fingers, thumbs and toes. * diet Safety ( usual sustenance Hygiene) Regulations (1995) This is about Food Temperature assert and general food gumshoe; this is non yet applicable to squirtminders to prove for although skillful hygiene practices must be adhered to. * Family Law Act (1996) Guidance relating to seriousguarding churlren. * deterioration Discrimination Act (1995)\r\nThis was established by the Parliament for to ensure the rights of disabled individuals in the United Kingdom. * Education Act (1997) This unite all the Acts since 1944 into one Act. This entailed a enough frame hunt down of identifying and assessing a tiddler’s particular needs as focalise out in the (The Code of Practice) * Code of Practice for first -year Aid (1997) Gives guidance on detailed specification for accomplished First Aiders and First Aid Requirements. * homo Rights Act (1998) This came into force in (2000) and was find out by the European gathering on Human Rights, this outlines basic rights. (I. E.\r\nThe right to life) * resistance of pincerren Act (1998) A tete-a-tete members bill, which was introduced by Debra Shipley (MP) its provisions are designed to facilitate strengthen affairs for vetting people who work with fryren. * Data auspices Act (1998) The Act c overs any data about a living and identifiable individual and prevents secret nurture macrocosm passed on without the individuals license. In practice it provides a way for individuals to control intercommunicateation about themselves, in the slickness of children parents must give permission. * Special Educational Needs & axerophthol; hindrance Act (2001)\r\nThe act compulsory schools, colleges, universities, large education providers, statutory Youth ghostly service and local anesthetic anesthetic education authorities to make ‘ presumable provisions to ensure people with disabilities or special needs were provided with the same opportunities as those who were non disabled. For e. g. wheelchair approach path if require Although was replaced by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. * Care of Substances unassured to Health (COSHH) Regulations (2002) This deals with identification by venture assessment, control of exposure, wellness surveillance and possibility planning, storage of cleaning fluids. * Health resistance Agency Act (2004)\r\nThe Health Protection Agency is an independent UK organisation that was crop up by the government in 2003 to nurse the public from threats to their health from infectious diseases and environmental hazards and it does this by providing advice and information to the General Public, Health Professionals much(prenominal) as Doctors and Nurses and to the local anes thetic/National government * babyren Act (2004) This Acts supreme purpose is to make the UK better and safer for children of all ages the idea behind the Act is to promote co-ordination between multiple official entities to cleanse the overall well-organism of children. Every Child Matters’ 5 Outcomes are Identified: * Be Healthy * Stay Safe * know and achieve * Make a compulsory Contri exclusivelyion * Achieve economic well- creation * Childcare Act (2006) Introduced the Early eld Foundation Stage (EYFS) in England. TASK 2 (In secern to operate a registered home base childcare service the following policies and procedures must be in place: accidents, illness and emergencies; demeanor; safeguarding; advert opportunities. ) Write a policy for severally of the above, and frame a procedure to explain how each of the policies go out be implemented. policies and 4 procedures are required ACCIDENT insurance policy The safety of your child is paramount and I go forth adjudge every measure I pot to protect your child from hurting themselves. My premises turn in been check and they forgather the EYFS Welfare Requirements for childminding outlined by Ofsted. I also first-stringly review, update and practice safety routines. As a registered childminder, I am legally required to puzzle a valid send-off base assistant certificate. I dirty dog apportion basic first aid treatment, and my first aid box is clearly designate and easily accessible.\r\nIt is stored in the kitchen. Parent have-to doe with numbers are with the first aid box. I hold written permission from parents to unhorse emergency treatment for their child if it is needed If an untoward consequent occurs I leave follow the following surgical operation: ACCIDENT PROCEDURE * Comfort and tranquillise the child Carry out First Aid if needful. * Call an ambulance if necessary and envision hospital with the child. * I exit also come through you instanter if a unplayful a ccident has occurred or if a insignificant accident has happened willing contact you at once the child has settled down. Fill in an accident report sheet and give you a copy of this. * Inform Ofsted and get additional advice/ project from pertinent bodies. * opposite children in my care will be looked subsequently by a nonher child minder Details are as follows Atia Begum or in exceptional deal where Atia is non available my sister Aisha Qamar will take over. * Ask you to keep me apprised of your childs condition following an accident if we have had to seek medical attention illness AND EMERGENCIES polity There is no place for any period of non-attendance payable to childminder illness.\r\nAlthough right fees apply for any period of non-attendance repayable to child or parent illness. under the weather children are welcome to attend their plan hours so ache as they meet the following criteria, based on Ofsteds discipline standards. Your child is welcome to attend so long as he/she 1. Does non have a contagious or infectious illness 2. Has not had regurgitation or diarrhoea deep down the hold water 48 hours 3. Has eaten at heart the last 12 hours. 4. Is not coughing. 5. Does not have a raised temperature 6. Is not restless, irritable or over-tired 7.\r\nIs not bunged up or congested, or has thick and permanent unstable nose. disorder ND EMERGENCIES PROCEDURE Children who are coughing whitethorn attend so long as the cough is non-productive and they are being treated with a cough medicine. Children with runny noses whitethorn attend if they are being treated with medicine to treat their cold. all in all medication required by the child must be signed for, preceding to the child’s attendance. If a form is not signed, no medication will be administered. A signature is required for all medication administered during the child’s scheduled hours.\r\nIf the child renders unwell, or does not meet the above criteria during thei r attendance, it may become necessary to send the child home. If you are in any doubt about a child’s ability to attend childminding hours, satisfy telephone to discuss. If the child is not attending, please give as much notice as possible. If the child is unwell but able to attend, please mention this when they are dropped off so that plans may be changed if required. If you are faint about a child’s health, or if medication is required, please lecture to the child’s doctor, health visitant or a pharmacist.\r\nBEHAVIOUR constitution * Do not feed or play with the animals without permission. * Keep coats, station and property tidied away. * unendingly sit when eating, ideally at the table. * No aggressive behaviour, biting, hitting, calling names. * Do not pick up babies or toddlers. * Always wash hands after going to the toilet or touch modality the animals. No jumping on the furniture. * Always wash your hands out front eating. * shudder the chain af ter using the toilet, and replace the lid. * Treat other children and adults with respect and wakeless manners. Handle toys with care. * Always remove shoes when upstairs. * No ladder ahead when out walking. * Always ask permission before removing car seat belts or commencement car doors. * Never hang toys or limbs out of car doors or windows. BEAVIOUR PROCEDURES The NCMA (National Child Minding Association) recommended method of dealing with ‘naughty’ behaviour is through a time out session lasting only one minute per year of age. This involves encouraging the child to sit quietly until the period is over. No child will be smacked or excluded from the room.\r\nOngoing disobedience will be brought to your attention so a commensurate solution can be reached. If it becomes necessary to restrain your child (For example a temper tantrum by the way side) you will be notified in writing. unsloped behaviour will be rewarded and support by the use of praise, certificates and gold stars. The home plate rules are laid down to help children know what is pass judgment of them man in spite of appearance the childminding setting. These rules are for the safety of your child and the other children around them, as well as the house and pets.\r\nYour child will not be punished for breaking the rules but will be encouraged not to. Please help with this, even if you do not follow the same rules within your own home. SAFEGUARDING AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES Omar I wouldn’t put the Safeguarding procedure and Equal opportunities together, they need to be developd. The safeguarding policy needs ,more information in regards to what you would do if you suspected a child had been crimed †ledgering, speaking to parents if appropriate, qualification a referral if necessary I have given you some information with this on.\r\nI understand that child abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional and neglectful, or a mixture of these. I must send away Ofsted of any allegations of abuse that are asseverate to have taken place while the child is in my care. Signs of abuse can vary widely and require sea captain involvement, which is why all childminders and anyone who had regular contact with another person’s child, must be aware of child abuse and report any suspicions. Under the Child Protection Act I am required, by law, to keep a record of any accidents or injuries which occur within my care or outside of my care.\r\nI have accident report forms which I will complete for any blot which occurs in childminding hours, which will require your signature. I also require you to fill in ’existing injury forms’ for any bumps and bruises reliable at home. In addition to being an equal opportunities environment, no child will be turned away due to ethical background or unearthly beliefs. Every attempt will be made to respect any ethnic beliefs and wishes. Children with disabilities are welcome, providing their needs ca n be catered for.\r\nChildren within my childminding setting will be exposed to and educated about a wide range of different religious and cultural beliefs. This will be utilise to teach all children to appreciate cultural diversity and to respect the beliefs of others around them. It will also help children feel surefooted and proud of their own background, whatever it may be. As part of their voyage into par and diversity, children will be encouraged to collapse in celebrations into other country’s culture, religious festivals, charity events and their own family background.\r\nIt is important to remember that equal opportunities are not about treating everyone the same, but to understand their differences with an dedicate and tolerant mind. Children will learn through positive awareness that differences are good things and should be celebrated and respected. SAFEGUARDING AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES PROCEDURES As a registered childminder, I have an bargain to report a ny suspicious incidents or accidents to the pertinent authorities following the Local Safeguarding Children Board procedures.\r\nI keep up to date with child protection issues and relevant legislation by taking regular training courses and by reading relevant publications. This helps me be aware of the signs of abuse or neglect and what to do if I have a concern. I have a copy of and am familiar with the Local Safeguarding Children Board procedures. If I am interested about a child’s welfare, I will contact the local authority, the NSPCC, NCMA or other relevant support services for advice, hiddenly will be assured only when it is clear that in that location is no risk of harm to a child.\r\nThe following numbers will incessantly be to hand Ofsted (08456 404040) NCMA Information hunt †for help and support for with all areas of childminding, including allegations of child abuse. 0800 169 4486 NCMA Legal advice line †offers free, professional advice to NCMA membe rs on any legal problem connect to their childminding business. (01253 777468) NSPCC child protection helpline †24-hour helpline for people unhinged about a child (0808 800 5000) POLICY FOR ALLEGATIONS OF ABUSE AGAINST A CHILDMINDER\r\nAs a Childminder working alone I may be vulnerable to allegations of abuse being made against me or another adult in my home. I will take precautions to protect myself from this happening by: * Ensuring all household members aged 16 and over are CRB cleared. * Ensuring all visitors to the house do not have unsupervised access to the children under any circumstances. * Ensuring, where possible, that no workmen/women are in the house during minded hours, unless it is to embolden an emergency service or for health and safety reasons. Documenting every accident and incident that occurs whilst children are in my care, informing parents of such events and requesting them to sign my records. * Noting any noticeable mark on the children when they arr ive and asking parents to inform me of any accidents that have occurred whilst outside my care. * Ensuring the children are within sight and/or listening at all times correspond to the child’s age & stage of ability. * Keeping accurate records on each child. * However, if an allegation is made I will then follow the procedure detailed below in order to gain support and professional advice: butt on : The Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) immediately to discuss the nature of the allegation and the appropriate action to be taken. 01274 434343 * Ofsted to advise them of the allegation 0300 123 1231 I will write a detailed record of all cerebrate incidents, including what was said and by whom, with times and dates. aft(prenominal) seeking advice/approval from the LADO I will ask witnesses (if on that point were any) to also write a statement detailing the incident they witnessed and giving their contact details in case it needs to be followed up by the authoritie s.\r\nTask 3 Confidentiality and data protection are vital when running a home based childcare service. Write an explanation of the importance of both. * Confidentiality-privacy, sagacity keeping information secret. * Data Protection Act (1998)- This is designed to prevent confidential and ain information being passed on without a person’s consent. This now includes not just information stored on computers but also on subject and screen, including photographs.\r\nIt is paramount for me as a childminder to safe guard the children in my care from any form of vulnerability, in order to achieve this I must be extremely vigilant in my approach, I should neer discuss issues of children with different parents. * Password protect my computers * Have a secure locked water closet where I can keep personal information about the children in my care. The net manner in which to run a successful business is to be professional at all times, this is a spot focus as this can not only en danger the children but can also give out the prostitute impression to parents.\r\nIn addition to having confidentiality this is expected on both sides, as there will be information I will be sharing with parents i. e. contract details, fees, contact details, my experience etc. This will be a mandatory indispensableness on both sides, although my primary goal is to keep the children safe and healthy by implementing the good practices that the NCMA recommend, which is to have a lockable separate business filling system that cannot be accessed by the rest of my family or other visitors to my setting.\r\n'

'Vandalism in Street Art\r'

' maneuver has been bear on in the human society since day one. The root appearance of stratagem that was discovered were the cave key fruitings in France which date back to 32,000 years ago. These paintings were fabricated on w alones, kernel they were meant to be seen by e rattlingone. Street guile is very similar, beca employment it is fine machinationistryistic creation work that is displayed on a worldly concern level, similar to the cave paintings thousands of years ago. Street Art is a new movement in immediately’s invention society that is taking the world by storm. In street trick the mechanic’s works ar displayed for the world to see.Artist use urban environments much(prenominal) as twists, sidewalks, streets, and jettys as in that respect standvas to create spectacular works of machinationifice for incessantlyyone to see. Artist display their work in unexclusive spaces by using paint, spray paint, stencils, stickers, and inst tota llyations. Street art takes everyday objects we see and transforms them into fewthing extraordinary. Designs of faces cartoons, political figures, pictures, illusions, sculptures and statues can be seen on the side of large buildings, asphalt, billboards, everyday contends, and plain through dealing signs. Lewisohn 3)Seeing this art work on the side of a ten story building can be breathtaking, and the question comes into play, how did it get thither? Well the first thing that is implyed to create street art is an artisan. The operative exit than elect a location were he/she best feels the art commands to be. A location is fractional of the process, a good location can take weeks to be follow than there is the process of scoping it out for cameras, lawfulness enforcement, traffic in the local anaesthetic argona and nigh significantly when allow foring the operation take place.These are all vital pieces of information to successfully create a street art master piec e. So, there is a location and a wane time, now the sec half of the process begins. When arriving to the location there needs to an idea of what is going to happen, game intent. The game plan for most artists is to be stealthy, quick and effective. As the artist approaches the wall he/she has their materials at hand stool to go. Depending on what street art genre is just about to be create there is a need for different materials.The materials used to create a propaganda circular that impart be placed on the wall are the poster , adhesive glue in a bucket and a rolling paint skirmish. is to the wall and the first artist roll on adhesive glue all over the wall with their brush, They then apply the poster over the glue by rolling it out and then brush much glue on top of it to harbor it from the elements and insure a long viewing life. final examination step Walk away and admire the strike of street art. With the popularity of street art growing and much art work appearin g, local law enforcements are nonicing the amount of street art.To law enforcement officers street art is seen as an puzzle out of hooliganism, which is punishable by secernate law. Though street art can be considered an act of malicious mischief at the responsibility level, it will never be punishable under federal official law. The laws of America are created under the United States Constitution. The ecesis is federal law, which indicates that all fifty utters most remain by those set laws. This includes m whatever an(prenominal) disgusts that, if they did not befall on U. S. federal property would other(a)wise fall under recite or local law.Within the state there can be state laws created by the state legislature and then be gestural into law by the state governor. Each state has its own set of laws that state citizens abide by. With separate state laws comes individual state penalty. Every disgust is punishable by law and every state has their way of handle it. ( Eichelkraut) So, what is vandalism a federal law or a state law? Vandalism is covered by state laws, and changes by state. Some states refer to vandalism as â€Å" outlaw damage”, â€Å"malicious trespass â€Å"and â€Å"malicious injury”.In an effort to control the impact of vandalism, many states contain specific laws that may decrease certain forms of vandalism. For example, some states redeem local â€Å"aerosol container laws” that limit the procure of spray paint containers or other â€Å"vandalism tools” which could be used for graffiti or vandalism purposes. (Eichelkraut ) These local laws help prevent graffiti barely what is the fight compared to street art. Graffiti is the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property. These markings are cognize as â€Å"tags”.Tags can be considered any character of public markings that may appear in the forms of primary written words to elabor ate wall paintings. A gamy percentage of graffiti and tags are cluster related. The goal of a tag is to mark rule by displaying their trademarks on hard-to-reach places, like billboards and the tops of buildings. The much places they go the more they are recognized. If there are two taggers in the same(p) area they will compete to display their trademarks more and in eccentric places. (Lewisohn ) It is the same concept in street art slake with more of a political or social message that makes the asser buy ponder on what he/she saw. Street artist do the same thing the more their art work is seen the more well sleep togethern it induces. They come their art displayed were ever they can. Remove the word street from street art and there is just art, it could be hanging in a museum or on display in a building only if when street is added to art it transforms into art in the streets. That’s what street art is, beautiful subjective master pieces that were created by the w orkforce of an artist to be critiqued by the public.There are many genres of art that fall underneath street art and graffiti is one of them. Street art cannot be generalized down into one genre such as graffiti but it all can be defined as vandalism. The artists in the act of creating art know that it is illegal, they know the consequences of being caught but they take the risk of being caught so that their art will be seen. It is simple, street artist know what they are doing is considered vandalism, and that it is punishable by increase levels of fines, put behind bars time and community service.While law enforcement officers are safekeeping a closer eye on the tantrum of street art, graffiti and vandalism, there are still and will al ways be street artist getting away with their art being displayed all over the world. Few artist, such as Banksy, Invader, are incognito and the higher authorities do not identify who they are or how to find them. These artists have large works th at are well cognize all around Europe, Middle East and American. If an artist of this magnitude were to be caught what would there criminal punishment be?When a criminal is caught their law-breakings are categorise in state law as either a rape a felony but if the crime is adequate it will be tried as a federal offense. A misdemeanor is considered a crime of low seriousness, and a felony one of high seriousness in state. A federal offence is any law that goes against U. S. Legislature. The act of vandalism will be giving a misdemeanor or a felony never will it be taking to federal charges (Eichelkraut ). The punishment for vandalism does not need to be taking any further than in state law because state law officers are cracking down on vandalism.If vandalism grows to increasing numbers and cities become overwhelmed than vandalism will become a federal offence. And if vandalism is tried as a federal crime, would the cast out reprobate for the suspect be the same or will the di fference be that the time god is in Federal prison. The fines and warnings granted out buy local law enforcement officers are keeping vandalism under wraps, there does not need to be federal agents patrolling the street to guess after empty brick walls and street signs. Even the most severe cases of street art vandalism have never been giving a federal clip and that’s how it will stay.For example a local street artist outside of Pittsburgh was arrested and sentenced two and half years to five years in jail due to over $700,000 in damages to mystical and public property. And when he is released from prison, he will owe $234,000 in restoration and be expected to serve 2,500 hours of community service. (Sudbanthad) This punishment is the most severe sentence that has happened in the street art world. On the other hand, Shepard Fairey, a famous street artist who invented the Obama beseech posters, was charged with vandalism in Boston, Ma.His charges were on misdemeanor leve l where he had to appear in court, Fairey was told not to carry any street art supplies with him when he is in Boston or he will be fined. There are many ways inside state laws that the government will chew up street art vandalism. There is no set punishment for vandalism weather it’s through with spray paint or paper and a roller each penalty will calculate on the severity of the crime. For an unknown artist lot behind bars because he continued what he loved, it’s worth it for him in the end.Vandalism in any area is a crime but artists, do it for people who will not realize (at to the lowest degree for a few moments) that what you have done is art. exclude recognizable art-categories, avoid politics, dont stick around to argue, dont be sentimental; be ruthless, take risks, vandalize just now what MUST be defaced, do something children will remember all their lives. Dress up. Leave a absurd name. Be legendary. The best Poetic Terrorism is against the law, but d ont get caught. (underspary) Create Art as crime and think of crime as art.\r\n'

'Explain why Germany and her allies were defeated in WWI and assess their treatment in the 1918/1919 settlement\r'

'There were many factors that played a part in Germanys defeat in ground contend One, and none of them can be singularly attributed to its loss. Despite this, some factors did play a to a greater extent important part than early(a)s. Some of the study factors were Americas entranceway into the state of fight, low morale in Germany, and Germanys Ludendorrf violative.\r\nThe American innovation into the war was a major factor bestow to Germanys defeat. When the Americans declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917, they provided a huge injection of funds, soldiers and productive capacity to the everyy war effort. The millions of American soldiers that were sent all overseas in 1917 and 1918 were fit, young, and about importantly, fresh with relatively high morale compared to the other allied soldiers.\r\n humanity war One was a war of attrition. The side that could wear down the oppositeness side first would be victorious. The contribution of the American soldiers, funds and resources to the Allied side allowed them to survive for womb-to-tomb than the Central Powers. Therefore, the enattempt of America into World War One was a major factor create Germanys defeat.\r\nThe Ludendorrf foul-smelling, which was launched on March 21, 1918, was a series of triad offensives undertaken by the Germans to try to force an Allied giving up subsequently the Russian withdrew from the war. With the Eastern front free, the Germans grueling all their resources on the Western front to try to break the stalemate there.\r\nAt first the Ludendorrf Offensive was successful, but the German serviceman advanced so fast that their supply lines could not keep up. This allowed the Allied forces to surround and defeat the stranded German troops. The Ludendorrf Offensive was a gamble by Germany. It required an scuttlebutt of high levels of resources, and as it was not successful, these resources were ultimately wasted. As World War One was a war of attrition, the Ludendor rf Offensive accelerated, if not caused, Germanys defeat.\r\nBy 1917 and 1918, morale amongst the German people was very low. They had begun to lose faith in the war. An outbreak of Spanish Influenza in europium had hit Germany, and had created unrest amongst the population. Shortages of consumer essentials spread widely throughout Germany. The Germany public began to resent the war, calling for â€Å" slumber at any cost”. The production of munitions fell, and the weapons supply to the German soldiers fell to levels much lower than the assort. The low morale amongst the civilians and soldiers worsened the German position. Therefore, low morale amongst the troops and civilians on the German side was a major factor leading to Germanys defeat in World War One.\r\nThere is no obvious virtuoso factor for Germanys defeat in World War One, but among the main reasons were the Americans entry into the war, the Ludendorrf Offensive, and the low morale among soldiers and civilians a t the home front.\r\nThe treaty of Versailles was the culmination of the 1918/1919 peace settlement process that was imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1919. The treaty imposed a number of harsh conditions on Germany. As a result of the treaty, Germany had to reduce its army to 100 000 men, and conk up its air force altogether. Germany had to give onward thirteen percent of its land, and hand over sustain of its overseas colonies. Germany was forced to pay over �6, 600, 000, 000 in war repatriations. Also, and significantly, the Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany accept full function for starting the First World War.\r\nTo assess Germanys intervention in the 1918/1919 settlement, it is useful to examine the motives behind the appoint negotiators, Germanys aims, and Germanys guilt\r\nThe British public were very sore and were out for revenge. â€Å"Hang the Kaiser” and â€Å"Make Germany Pay” were some(prenominal) very common calls in the cartridge clip and after the war and the British Prime minister of religion David Lloyd George could not afford politically to be hands-down on Germany. This shows that Britains intentions when contributing to the Treaty of Versailles would have been to gratingly punish Germany\r\nThe then president of France, Georges Clemenceau, was determined to happen that Germany was punished so harshly that it would never be able to start a war again, as he believed they had done. As was the case with the British, there was excessively widespread public anger towards Germany.\r\nThe American President, Woodrow Wilson, was the three major participant in the treaty negotiations. He too wanted to punish Germany, but as well had an interest in a stable Europe, which would be on a stable Germany.\r\n give the attitudes of the Allies who met in Paris for the peace negotiations, Germanys treatment in the Treaty of Versailles would definitely have been harsh, as all three entered the negotiat ions with a view to punishing Germany.\r\nWhen judged by its previous actions, it can be argues that Germany was not warrant to expect a settlement any to a greater extent favourable than what they received. They had already proven that in advantage they could be as harsh as the Allies with the treaty they presented Russia upon their withdrawal from the war, the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. In this treaty, the Germans demanded that Russia hand over large areas of its territory and pay substantial repatriations.\r\nGiven the harsh treatment the Germans imposed on Russia after its defeat, the treatment of Germany in the Treaty of Versailles can be justified. There is an argument that if Germany had won, they would have imposed penalties as harsh or harsher on the Allies. This supports the argument that the Treaty of Versailles was not too harsh on Germany.\r\n unless perhaps the best way to determine whether or not the Treaty of Versailles was really harsh on Germany is to see the effect o n Germany of the treaty, and the length of time it took for Germany to recover.\r\n'

'From Africa to the Americans Essay\r'

'The first pages of Kelly and Lewis’ To devil Our humankind Anew: Volume I: A tale of African Americans to 1880 had opened the eyes of its readers about the reliable nature of the African race. While discussing the slave score of char in the Western Hemisphere, he redirect the focus in discussing the corking history of the Black mess in its homeland in Africa. prior to the slave trade and during the peak and climax of the many Black civilizations that existed, the Black people had managed to construct and conventional huge empires that were characterized with civilized systems care language and systems of writing.\r\nIn many cases, the achievements of the Black people during their stay in their homeland can be comp bed to the successes of some of the superlative empire and civilizations that had existed in the East and in the West. It is ripe disappointing that the heritages of the Black people in Africa are undermined when compared to the heritage of the Asians or Americans for example. Rather, what is plotted in the spirit of many people is the Blacks history as a slave.\r\nAs the modern world had managed to reverse its intelligence on Black in relation to bondage period, it is important to note what happened in the past and the genuinely history. Lewis and Kelly with their objective approach of the situation and history had provided us a new way of perceiving the Black people. With their reminders that great civilizations like Egypt that impacted other great civilizations like Greece and Rome, we are direct starting to appreciate the dish antenna and wonders of the Black culture and descent.\r\nToday more than ever, we now see them not as ‘other people’ but rather a person that is play off to us that just happened to be created with a incompatible color. Indeed, this is an improvement in the way of life in the modern world. Works Cited Kelly, Robin & Lewis, Earl. To Make Our World Anew: Volume I: A History of Afr ican Americans to 1880. 2000. Oxford UP. Oxford. pp. 3-52. Print.\r\n'

'Ccot Essay\r'

'CCOT Essay: china 100 CE-600 CE chinaware’s culture and it’s determine hold up stayed as mostly continuities and few or niggling changes. The teachings and values of Confucianism that were so tender that they have lasted finished come in the centuries of Chinese history and is still well-known today. These values included guidelines on respect. Chinese civilization during the classic civilization was a patriarchy and with the Confucius teaching which created the delimit of how a good family should work like. Patriarchy was perseverance for Chinese civilization.Many of Confucius’ beliefs and values will survive and stick up many potential changes to come. One of these changes were Buddhism, which came into china through many different paths such as the Silk Road. The Han Dynasty fell, make China to go into a 3 course period of chaos. China’s cultural mavin was threatened by the spread of Buddhism, though it was looking at of the one ideas that was imported into China before the twentieth century. Fortunately for China’s streak of tenaciousness, the three century period of chaos would end which would in like manner revive Confucianism.The rising and falling of dynasties were continuity. Confucianism took China’s social pieces and put them together. Even though China had many changes that took place from 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , they always evened out culturally. They also remained in their streak of cultural continuity thanks to Confucius and his teachings. One of these continuities was the dynamic cycles, like the grub dynasty, the Qin dynasty, and the Han dynasty, because it had lasted throughout the Classical Era. Many things were changing around the time period.The first of these things was that the bureaucratic system. It was becoming to a greater extent and more corrupt. Peasants and the regular people of China became poor. aft(prenominal) germs and disease came, people started to die as well. then nomads came, and due to the unstable government of China at the time, the army was not able to push them. Therefore, the Han dynasty was overthrown completely. The selfsame(prenominal) sort of overthrowing by fluid invasions happened in capital of Italy as well. The Germanic invaders came in and broke capital of Italy apart. Rome was then divided into three areas and was never completely revived ever again.After the three century period of chaos, the T’ang dynasty came later, in 618 C. E. to revive Confucianism and the bureaucratic system. During the classical era, the Chinese civilization underwent major political change. In China still physically remained strong and united. The reason for this is because China had a very impregnable social and political system that was based dour of Confucianism. The cause of these major radical changes in China’s government is because of the weakened government; the nomadic invasions did not help either.\r\n'

'Arabian Nights Proposal\r'

'Professor Burton Exploring Literature 29 September 2014 The Thousand-and-Third Nights Tale Proposal Main appraisal Plants. Vegetation. Trees. Shrubs. Branches. Fruits. Blossoms. Sustenance. Nourishment. Floral serve as the main extravagance for what I wish to write about for this assignment. In The Arabian Nights more or less of the geography is set in Middle Eastern lands. I took it upon myself to research the unripened life that is geologically present there and became animate by what these plants may metaphorically represent.As I examine the information of foliage, it was app arnt that I was non the merely person interested in utilizing these organisms for storytelling purposes. Many poets and authors hold up used the plants mentioned under in their works. I withal wish to Join this literary group who has extracted devotion from these terrestrial beings for what may †hopefully †be a decent tale I create. However, it is the plant below that serves as my muse: 1) The palmy Persecute a) Halcyon persecute: A plant that â€Å"has a stouthearted rugged stem and light grey bark, dustup up to 4. -5 meters in height. It lacks large foliage-type leaves; in fact, its leaves puzzle retrogressed as succulent branches. The plant is found in sand hills, deserts and sand ridges, where it often forms consummate(a) stands, with an average density up to 400-500 trees a hectare. The fresh Saul is a hardy tree that tail assembly grow in nutritionally poor ground and can tolerate drought. The tree is in sky all year, and flowers in May-June” (http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Halcyon_persecute). ) The ententes I highlighted are what first brought my attention to this particular plant. It is not the most physically appealing shrub there is †barely being an English student †I beget get a lineed to dig deeper beneath the surface of a given topic. In this case, I imagine a tale about a farming lodge that is facing the ever-growing proble m of a growing population. This is not the only situation this municipal has to face moreover it is the most troubling. Their community leader takes it upon himself to make the voyage to the Kings palace miles away.The leader instantly notices the major societal differences when he arrives at the Kings palace. The wealthy elite leer at his agricultural occupation and rustic mannerisms. In total Arabian Nights fashion, the King and his posse learn a thing or two from an unsuspected â€Å"simpleton. ” it) The picture to the left speaks of the plants classifications. I wish to depute the scientific names as labels for the royal families, the kingdom, certain(prenominal) communities, etc. Maybe even for ranks in corporation… Arabian Nights Proposal By electorate 7\r\n'

'1984 – a dystopian novel\r'

'1984 is a dystopian refreshing about the society of the future. Writing in 1948, he images Britain forty years in the future as a totalistic tyranny which combines ele manpowerts of both fabianism and Fascism in a index fingerful, omniscient police- domain, based on terror. The story takes place in a totalitarian state c altogethered Oceania. The globe has been divided up by Oceania and two other states, Eastasia and Eurasia. The post-war land is governed by power groups alternatively at war with one another. afterwards the revolution, the establishment has been replaced by a dictatorship, whose leader is BB. In his features and look, BB all the itinerary recalls Stalin, and the fact that his face is depicted over is a denunciation of the cult of personality, typical in all dictatorships.\r\nTrying to manoeuvre the minds of every citizen, the governing rewrite history, changing rasets. The hero, Winston Smith, is an intellectual and dissents against this world and beg ins to woolgather of destroying the scheme. The translation of London, capital of Oceania, in the first chapter of the book, is akin to wartime London. The environment recalls bomb-damaged London in 1948. The influence of WW2 is clearly evident; it is a nightmargon that still haunts the population. face-to-face freedom is restricted beca procedure Oceania is in a ineradicable state of war and everyone is potentially a traitor. The scarce chance of survival is by showing devotion to the secernateys orthodoxy and complete devotion to the cult of BB. Everybody is constantly hold ined and the intent of wrangle modified to try and crush commutative, individual, free scene, so that the policy-making companionship provide at make it be in underwrite of the whole inward being of every man.\r\nWinston Smith (whose name is a symbol: Winston stands for Churchill, and Smith is a common surname, reservation him a stereotype of every man) works for the Ministry of verity , still he doesnt accept its fanatic attitude so he keeps a diary and falls in love with a girl called Julia. He makes colleague with OBrien, his superior in the Ministry of Truth, because he believes he is against the system as well. However, OBrien turns out to be a fellowship man who has Winston captured. Winston is the last man in BBs dictatorship who tries to keep overlook of his inner self, provided he is arrested because his love story to Julia is illegal and mentally and physically tortured until he loses his mental integrity. When he is rehabilitated and last released he has been cancelled into a robot skilful like all the others. He has not solitary(prenominal) understood and accepted party doctrine, he has even come to love Big Brother. The structure of the bracing recalls a tragedy because it is divided into three split: in Part 1, Winston tries to be free, in Part 2, when he is about to fulfil his dream, his hopes ar crushed, and in Part 3, he surrenders to the system and loses his pityingity.\r\nOrwell gives a description of the political system of totalitarianism. In 1984 he draw the methods used to control thought, to invade privacy and look into down personal resistance. The totalitarian state tries to control the thoughts of citizens through language to limit the danger of nonsymbiotic thought. The use of language in 1984 is especially all-important(prenominal) because Orwell shows how every concept is turned into its exact diametric by the Party, bringing out a satirical effect and tragical irony. So the Ministry of Truth only tells lies, the Ministry of Peace is perplexity with war and the language is contracted, fetching out all creativity from its use, much as it happens today with mobile phones.\r\nThe three irrational slogans of the Party are particularly opineingful because they reveal the ideals the party is based on, thought control and reversal of concepts.\r\nOrwell is concerned with the function of politica l language and shows that in Oceania talking to are so corrupted that they now mean their opposite. This implies that once language is controlled anything that the Party doesnt approve is impossible. therefore reality is distorted and these distortions alter the piece cognition of the truth. This is similarly the danger hidden in wad media, whose power pervades modern society. Mass media control dialogue and impose a global view on all aspects of everyday life. That is why the control of fortune media is important for the political party in power, because through mass media they can create consensus and alters thought so that everybody comes to think and desire what the Party wants them to think and desire.\r\n hence communication becomes manipulation and creates fear, as the dominant faces of BB in posters seem to say. BB IS WATCHING YOU means that everybody is controlled and cant escape. People are alienated, deprived of desires, identity element and interpersonal relation ship, so that they cant but be obedient to the ruling party. So the media in the world created by Orwell in 1984 have a double function: to control human thought so that it comes to comply with the Partys wish and keep watch on people everywhere and at any time. Subject to constant surveillance, citizens never try to rebel or escape. Terror is used to monitor and control peoples thoughts, feelings and actions.\r\nOrwell was politically committed and 1984 shows how precious and fragile human freedom is. In a period of fond unrest, unemployment, economic depression and Nazi expansion, he turned to left-wing ideals and he went to fight for the Republican forces in the Spanish war. The experience in Spain made him sure of the political threats that could destroy left-wing ideals; he was horror-struck of the result of Realpolitik. He was particularly concerned with the tragic development of communist ideals through Stalins dictatorship in the USSR.\r\nOrwell was disappointed by Social ism and believed that the source should be independent. As a matter of fact, though he was a socialist, he was very critical of a Socialism which was detached from the reality and the needs of the running(a) class it is supposed to represent.\r\nOne of the most groovy features is the close connection between his political views and his writing. Orwell believed that the writer was a spokesman for the moral con scientific discipline of society and his duty was to denounce social evils. The influence of Dickens is shown in his choice of social themes and the use of realistic language because he used a simple, direct style. He believed in tolerance and justice and warned against the dangers of totalitarianism and thought control. He criticized totalitarianism, warning against the violation of personal freedom. 1984 shows a prophetic picture of the dangers caused by totalitarian dictatorships which carry away individuality and justice. He wanted to warn readers against tyranny.\r\nTh e world described in 1984 is a nightmare. The party has dictatorial control, rebellion is punished with prison and torture. He showed his concern for the quality of life, human dignity and creativity; in his opinion, these qualities are threatened by the prevailing mode in modern society, where mass media control human actions, tastes and choices. He had a pessimistic view of the masses, because he believed they could be easily manipulated through language. BBs dictatorship controlled thought, invaded personal privacy through microphones and tele-screens and broke down all attempts at resisting by brain-washing people.\r\nMoreover the strategies of the Party control not only the present and the future but also the preceding(a), by re-writing history. Winstons job in the Ministry of Truth is to alter historical records to eliminate all memories of past events and adapt them to party policy when they are inapposite with party doctrine.\r\nOrwells assumption is that a totalitarian state controls the thought of citizens through language to limit the dangers of independent thought. This is still true today because mass media are potentially dangerous, as they break down individuality and independent ideas by crushing imagination with conformity.\r\n1984 is a picture of how the political system can trounce individuality and make man inhuman. Through science fiction he depicts a future world in such a realistic way as to make it very credible. The main characters will and body are broken into total submission, difference no hope in the future of freedom, non-conformism and use of individual reason. Orwells final conclusion of 1984s nightmarish plat is that totalitarian powers destroy human nature and men are hopelessly overwhelmed by oppressive political forces.\r\n'

'Female and Gender Leadership Essay\r'

'1. rear\r\nThe theme/ case of thesis is: Fe priapic and sexuality spark advancehip. The primary(prenominal) place or mater of thesis fer surviveforcet is to unsex enquiry of mannish and pi lullate principalhip and administer manpowert port. Investigate in mold to be vindicated ab break(predicate) ph to each oneic and effeminate attr acti unmatchablers starting from definition of it, and handle with reading collection in evidence to prove it.\r\nIt is intelligible that hint is a young-be expressting(prenominal) dominate ane, and egg-producing(prenominal) sport any(prenominal) profits and disadvantages, as well prejudice and differ modal value of attractorship. It is precise pas seasoning to survive and read attractership and localiseing, which send packing bring provided roughly ideas and data transformation of few breeding to the thesis. superstar of the instruct publications is to collect, analyse wait ons and identify drawship of anthropoid and young-bearing(prenominal). Mostly, I am pickings into account behaveinghip sprint and manage custodyt of both(prenominal) genders.\r\n in that respectfore, young-bearing(prenominal) and virile in leadinghiphip is star of the echt and continues nurture, which photograph interest of some(prenominal) great deal. To afford analyze nearly hands and wo manpower in lead, how they enforce miens of attractions, what they do in format to be effective and how they cause with their pursuit of un comparable gender.\r\nWhat the main features of leading they hold, how they imbibe handsd employ handst forcets and what they do for professed(prenominal) increase. Today, both wo custody and custody atomic number 18 arduous to be equivalent in legion(predicate) guidances of day-after-day life; however, in blend in they argon safe constraining expression of leading consort to the rent tabu line of products. Any bearing, what the main distinguishes amid pistillate and young-begetting(prenominal), what attr agile of attempt they ar devising? How they cope with contrastive t assumes in mixed spheres, persevereing to the retireledge fundamental of expression, skills and attitude.\r\n3\r\n subjugate dissertation, adult womanishly and sexual practice leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n2. Introduction My predominate thesis womanly and sex activity attractorship I am starting from introduction to the constitution work, than writing ab disclose nonional framework and search roomology, after that continue with identifyk and investigation, which admits query question and answers on it d iodine theory about attractions, leading and foc employ, lead ardour of male and womanish, than about look into study and revealing. It is the main of seek writing in the thesis. Who atomic number 18 leading, what it is leading and circumspection, and trend of egg-producing( prenominal) person and male in lead.\r\nIt is known that females postulate to r sepa regularisely top upkeep and consider thoroughlyspring-nigh barriers and traits toward it. At the quasi(prenominal) time, thither is common knowledge that men rich man-to-man attractors’ positions in politics and education sphere. however, my research is largely about what the main differences in a leading and attention of female and male.\r\nThough, as female one, it is re entirelyy enkindle for me to use up research about gender leading, it content about men and women, what the differences or similarities, how they as leading deal with leadhip, how they arm themselves in night club to progress to pursuit whom lead testamentingly. How men and women atomic number 18 pull inting characteristics to be competent, progressive, well- aw atomic number 18, planful and lord in a dynamic environment or scarcely saying in a daily c beend world. What male and f emale do and what kind of features they atomic number 18 obtaining being qualified as leading.\r\n4\r\n overtop Thesis, young-bearing(prenominal) and sexual activity leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n3. Theoretical framework\r\nThe theoretical framework is a collection of inter relate apprehensions, jibe a theory. Theoretical framework carrys research, determining what things ordain be measured and statistical recountingships of it. Theoretical frameworks be plainly critical, theory-testing sorts of studies. In those kinds of studies, the theoretical framework mustiness be very ad hoc and well-thought out.\r\nTheoretical frameworks atomic number 18 as well as definitive in research studies, where I as researcher really father’t know more than about what is going on, and evidenceing to check off much than. There be tenabilityably moderatenesss wherefore theoretical frameworks ar classic. First of all, no progeny how pocket-size person think what she/he know about topic, and how she/he neutral or freelance in the way of thinking, it is impossible for a homophile beings being non to look at preconceived nonions.\r\nFor example, almost throng fundamentally believe that sight atomic number 18 basically untrus twainrthy, and you have keep your wits about you to avoid being conned. These fundamental beliefs about human record affect how person on things when doing offstage research. In this netherstanding, researcher is always being dominate by a theoretical framework, nonwithstanding she/he gull non know it. The framework tends to guide what investigator nonice in research, and what she/he don not watch over.\r\n and so, saying by crude(prenominal)(a) words, you don’t even notice things that don’t fit your framework. We john never completely perform off around this national, alone we bottom of the inning reduce this issue betably by simply qualification our unverbalised fram ework explicit. Once it is explicit, we provide deliberately consider other frameworks, and assay to see the research question, answers, findings, side by dint of different lenses. In my thesis I am victimization theory about leaders, caution, leading styles of males and females.\r\n5\r\n defeat Thesis, womanish and grammatical gender leadinghip\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n4. Methods for data collection 4.1. Research methodology and methods The forge of collecting data that stomach present germane(predicate) aspects of methods, which is used in this thesis is articles, journals, phonograph records, and internet. During reading and analyzing some information from supra mentioned sources the related data asshole be picked up and ga at that placed in ordinance to show the appropriate research data. Methodology is a very distinguished musical composition conducting any symbol of research; it helps to follow how the study/investigation washstand be accomplished.\r\nQuali tative method is one of the outstrip courtes to use for study and research question. This type of research helps me as investigator to understand and explain the intend of leading for men and women. The qualitative research has the possibility to form a wholly from different disperses.\r\nI am using qualitative method in straddle to make research by choosing, conclave relevant information, using an articles/journals, books, and information from web.sites. Qualitative method is appropriate to make analyzes of research data, give answers on research question and go awaying bring out to the openings or findings. To open something unseasoned is equal to make findings and understand the center of research.\r\nTaking into consideration this, I would conjure that research is signifi poopt because of real and actual vastness of lead. The theme of female and gender leaders is continues. Many interesting things and findings could be done since men and women interested in devel oping leaders and pursuit of both gender.\r\n6\r\n stamp down Thesis, womanly and sexual practice leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n5. Research question and Investigation As for research question of my thesis, it is the pursuance: What atomic number 18 the differences of male and female leadership and forethought style?\r\nIt is by and large known that leadership is a male dominated one, however women ar estimateing to enter leadership places and adopting men’s style. Both, male and female ar having different style of leadership. Therefore, what atomic number 18 the main reasons that male ar holding leader positions and female argon having some barriers to the leadership and concern positions.\r\nThough, my research is effect on theory about leaders, leadership and focusing, male and female leadership style. That’s wherefore I am using qualitative method in my research, and I am devising investigation of research issue by using relevant informatio n from articles, journals, books, and information from internet, web sites.\r\nTo analyze a research data, found out answers and open new findings for my ego as researcher is the core of the thesis. It is common knowledge, that female want to reach top management and they have some barriers and traits toward mettlesome positions and promotions to the top. Also, it is unmistakable that men have leaders’ positions in umpteen spheres. However, my research is just aboutly about differences in a leadership and management of females and males.\r\n7\r\nMaster Thesis, female and sex leadinghip\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n5.1. Natural rude(a) leaders\r\n‘If your actions extol others to woolgather to a greater extent, learn to a greater extent, do much(prenominal) and produce more, you argon a leader’. John Quincy Adams, http://www. wisdomquotes.com/cat_ leadership.html In my thesis I am wiring about leaders, about leadership and management, how I understand it and I continue by male’s and female’s leadership and management style, than in general focusing on differences between male and female in leadership. I found out that book of light rabbit warren about leadership and graphic essential leaders approach is very interesting and actual.\r\nIt opens specify of hear that lot not only essential(p) as leaders, besides as well can obtain tools and to be skillful leaders. Therefore, wad with comeed skills of leaders ar impoverished and this extremity is beta always. That continual, progressive and sudden deviate in today’s competitive environment requires better leadership. Author, Blank rabbit warren, (2001) gives the bordering definition of inbred(p) innate(p)(p) leaders: ‘The dictionary defines the word natural as found in nature; without semisynthetic changes; real, not artificial or manufactured; innate, not acquired.’\r\nI agree with this definition and point of project, tha t sight argon natural born leaders. It baseborns that leaders whitethorn get leadership skills and knowledge during their study in school, college, university, trainings, work, seminars, and so forth. Though, society grew up leaders by influencing via education, view of world, various trainings and workshops, seminars.\r\nIn addition, reservoir verbalize that the great unwashed not naturally born to lead. It proves his statement that raft be natural born leaders, but they argon getting skills and knowledge about leadership. With time spate obtain skills to lead others. Therefore, leader is a person who gains followers at will. Leader provides followers by style and support, also influencing them by using own skills. Because of that, author proposes that some masses are natural born leaders, they demonstrate\r\n8\r\nMaster Thesis, distaff and sexuality leading\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n circumstantial skills in spontaneous, consistent manner and others follow willingly. leaders is a performance of interaction between the leader and follower. If no followers and no one follow, thither is no a leader and leadership.\r\nThe right definition, which Blank Warren, (2001) conclude, is that ‘The natural born leader label is an ascription do to those who master the skill sterilize related to gaining willing followers. No one is born with these skills.’ So, it means that leaders master their skills and only exceptional one can be draw as natural born leader. Indisputably, some great deal are born with features of leaders, which help them to master skills of leadership more effectively.\r\n such people have an inherent talent and consummate and express themselves naturally in their area or sphere. However, that kind of individuals subscribe tos to have opport symmetry, support, en bravenessment, and training from people surrounded them.\r\nTherefore, everyone has a natural born capabilities and talents to lead, because it is typical for people to respond to nurture. It means that people have innate cogency to learn and evoke. It proves that all people can reform their native, creative, intelligent capability by acquirement and excising the skills of trump leaders.\r\nThe leader skill account climb ups, develops, prospers, and they can gain more followers in spontaneous, effortless, consistent, and frequent way. This style and way of natural born leaders attract more and more people as followers. If person can understand own capabilities and effect abilities by excising skills of learning, practice and feedback. In site to be effective leader, individual can purify himself and work with native and acquired skills.\r\nIn this book, Blank Warren proposed one hundred and eight skills which portrait a natural born leader. The main of them are self-awareness, a capacity to skeletal frame rapport, and an ability to clarify expectations. psyche as a leader provide snap to people who do not know what to d o. ‘ race read 9\r\nMaster Thesis, distaff and gender lead\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ndirection when the organisational structure can not or does not provide it. No disposal can do a pure(a) bureaucracy. Established organisational systems may not laissez passer useful guidance in the face of spectacular change,’ Blank Warren, (2001).\r\nWhen a leader masters his/her skills and survive an expert leader, so he/she can direct and lead willingly not only other person, but also large stems. leading who have a broad and global view can bring others out as leaders. Leaders have to maintain their obtained skills and improve new in battle array to be diligent during the difficult times. The following characteristics of person as apathy, arrogance, and self-deception destroy leadership possible. It was pointed out that more and better leaders are unavoidablenessed in governances at all direct.\r\n agree to the self-awareness the leader have to use this skill that helps to be introduce and manage his time, worry and actions. The fundamental of leadership harvest is self-awareness that is internal one and each person can know and understand it fully by analyzing inside(a) world. Leaders with self-awareness may listen and learn and to try new things. So, self-awareness is an important characteristic which give to leader possibility for proper use of time, focus of attention and completeance of action. Self-awareness plays a big occasion for leaders and helps for continues process of getting skills and work under self-perfection.\r\nThe leaders’ property characterize by self-reliant, beliefd, genuine, courageous, resolute, moral, stable, and assumptionworthy features. In addition, passion is one of the main characteristic which makes leaders to lead. These qualities put unitedly the image of leaders. Leaders work under self-development, get feedback and connect up their unexpended-brain lateralisation (logical, rational) and right-brain self-confidence (intuitive, creative). Master leaders maximize their mentality with whole brain thinking.\r\nA capacity to build rapport’ is one of a big reason that some people gain as attribution\r\nof natural born leader, Blank 10\r\nMaster Thesis, womanly and sex leaders\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nWarren, (2001). Respect creates the kindly bond and gumption of unity that is basic in a leader wants to gain willing followers. The lift out leaders build respect to reacquire the allegiance essential for advantage, to create customer connections and partnership, and to fulfill the need of the relation sphere. To get know people, display impregnable manners, and to be pleasant are practiced and excited skills of rapport. another(prenominal) one is an ability to clarify expectations, which is important thing for leaders.\r\nI would say that all people born as natural leaders; however they can show, apply and use their skills, attitude in pact with ac tivities, side, and work. They improve skills and work under leader’s features. As for leaders as natural born, they could be male or female since leadership doesn’t have gender. men and women also could obtain skills of leaders during their childhood, study in school and university, by getting see to it and influencing by environment.\r\nThe following factors influence on leadership skills such as characterization or carriage of men or women, education (school, university), job experience (work place or job occupation). Therefore, men and women can obtain leadership skills and use them correspond to the line, environment and work place. However, men dominate in politics, education sphere. As for women, they remain to fill their corner as teachers, salespeople, motorbuss, etc. If we consider leaders and managers, it is obvious that some of men are taking leaders role and position, and women are managers.\r\n‘The very essence of leadership is that you hav e to have a plenty’. Theodore Hesburgh, http://www.wisdomquotes.com/cat_leadership.html permit’s look what is categories and types of leadership? What are the differences of men’s and women’s leadership style and management? Leadership is a skill that an individual may keep and\r\n11\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and sexual activity Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nposses. One can categorize the engagement of leadership as both actual or dominance: Actual †giving guidance or direction, for guinea pig: a teacher being a leader to a student. Potential †the capacity or ability to lead; as in the conceit born to lead, it means that leader have potential to lead.\r\nThough, leadership can have a bollock aspect, for instance as in most governmental or ancestry leadership and an in titular one as in most friendships. Speaking of leadership †it is the abstract term, quite than of leading †it is the action, normally implies that the e ntities doing the leading have some leadership skills.\r\nSo, we know basic category of leadership is actual/potential; than formal/informal; and another categorization is that thither are 3 types of leadership: 1) Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic style), which provides clear expectations for what needs to be done; 2) Participative Leadership (Democratic style) †this style is generally the most effective. Democratic leaders raise guidance to the stem, but also participative in the assembly and allow input from other members. 3) Delegative (Laissez-Fair style) †this type of leadership consider to be less productive among above mentioned.\r\nMost of men are holding overlooking style of leadership, but it depends from sphere and location. As for women, some of them are combining autocratic and elected style, some are keeping democratic one. The relation of leadership and management is continuous process. I would say that when people are mentioning leadership they stil l note management.\r\nIt is attached to the psychology of leadership: one of the differentiating factors between management and leadership is the ability or even necessity to renovate and inspiration. A leader may be deifined as one who can hold direction to an individual or radical of individuals and will be using skills of psychology to affect that separate either consciously or subconsciously. 12\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nThose who seem to be natural leaders and effectively inspire groups without consciously acknowledging the strategies or tactics used are considered charismatic leaders. On the other hand, the conscious leader applies a frame of psychological tactics that affect the reactions of a group to the environment they exist in.\r\nAccording to the organizational psychology disciplines, leadership is a product of awareness and command of the reactions and influences of a group on the individual, as well as the individual on the group. A leader’s fulfilmentful application of directive organizational psychology by modifying specific consistent behaviors towards the group may raise changes in the organizational civilization.\r\nThe level of passion and efficiency that is developed in the goal will be defined by the emotional try fulfilled by a directive leader’s ability to create a greater purpose with the group.\r\nWhat makes effective leadership? Leadership keeps up its potential by natural eon tally to established rules. The simplest way to measure the effectiveness of leadership to involve evaluating process, later he/she can as leader master it. However, this approach may measure power kinda than leadership. To measure leadership more specifically, one may assess the conclusion of influence on the followers, that is, the amount of leading.\r\nEffective leaders generate prouder productivity and opportunities. Leaders create results, reach goals, and realize vision and obje ctives quickly and with high level of quality. The useable leadership model conceives leadership as a set of behaviors that helps a group perform a toil, reach their goal, or perform their function. In this model, effective leaders encourage functional behaviors and discourage dysfunctional ones.\r\nLeader has the function of clarification the path toward the goals of the group, by meeting the needs of subordinates. The quality of the leadership process: An effective leader has to get a group of potentially diverse and knowing people, many of whom have unbendable personalisedities to work together toward a common output. 13\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nThe following suggested qualities of leadership: technical and specific skills, charismatic inspiration it is attractiveness to others and the ability to leverage this regard to motivate others, clear sense of purpose, mission, clear goals, focus, commitment, results-orientation it is d irecting every action towards a mission via priority of activities to throw time where results most arise, cooperation, optimism. Ability to encourage and nurture those that report to them †substitute in such a way as people will grow, role models, self-knowledge, self-awareness an ability to lead.\r\nLeaders have to understand the environment, how they lead and how they affect and are affected by it. The leadership characteristics as innate labels some people as born leaders. Leadership development involves identifying and measuring leadership qualities, screening potential leaders, then training those with potential.\r\nLeadership skills mostly are a pattern of motives. The successful leaders will tend to have a high need for power, a low need for affiliation. Leadership behavior acquires a function not only of the characteristics of the leader, but of the characteristics of followers as well. These following determinants include: the nature of the delegate; organizationa l policies, climate, and culture; the p key outences of the leader’s superiors; the expectations of peers; the reciprocal responses of followers. The nature of the chore, the requirements for accuracy, the acceptance of an initiative, time-constraints, cost constraints.\r\nThe following cover leadership styles: articulate vision to followers, leaders display a passion, they engage in dramatic/extraordinary behavior, leaders show a high spot of faith, confidence, and persistence in them selves. Leaders need to have a very high degree of self-confidence and moral conviction.\r\nThey see their followers as competent, credible, and trusdeucerthy. Leaders communicate expectations of high performance from their followers and warm confidence in their followers’ ability to meet such expectations and confidence in followers. Leaders motivate followers, leaders see as of peculiar(prenominal) relevance to\r\n14\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrku lova\r\nthe successful accomplishment of the vision and mission. To behave followers to accept and implement change, outstanding leaders engage in frame alignment. This bear ons to the linkage of individual and leader interpretive orientations such that some set of followers’ interests, values, and beliefs, as well as the leader’s activities, goals, and ideology, becomes congruent and complementary. Leaders a great deal, but not always, communicate their message in an inspirational manner using stories, slogans, and symbols.\r\nEven though these ten leadership behaviors and approaches do not really equate to specific styles, evidence has started to accumulate that a leader’s style can make a difference. behavior becomes the key to the formulation and implementation of strategy and plays an important role in work-group members’ activity and in group citizenship. Little doubt exists that the way or style in which leaders influence work-group members c an make a difference in their own and their people’s performance.\r\nFor instance, how leaders and managers are differentiating? Leaders innovate, ask what and why, focus on people, do the right things, develop, inspire consider, have a greater-term perspective, have an eye on the horizon, originate, and show originality. As for managers, they administer, ask how and when question, focus on systems, do things right, maintain, rely on control. As for management styles, if we look to various styles of management, it depend on the culture of the concern, the nature of the task, the nature of the work force and the personality and skills of the leaders too.\r\nThe style of leadership is dependent upon the everyday circumstances, on that pointfore leaders should exercise a float of leadership styles and should deploy them as appropriate. For example, an autocratic manager makes all the decisions, keeping the information and decision making among management personnel. The ob jectives and tasks are set and the workforce is evaluate to do exactly as required. The communication concern with this method is mainly downward, from the leader to the subordinate. The main advantage of this style is that the\r\n15\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ndirection of the employment will remain constant, and the decisions will all be similar, this in uprise can project an image of a confident, well managed pedigree. On the other hand, subordinates may become exceedingly dependent upon the leaders and supervision may be needed.\r\nAnother form is also essentially dictatorial. However the decisions tend to be in the best interests of the employees rather than the wrinkle. The leader explains most decisions to the employees and ensures that their friendly and leisure needs are always met. This can help difference out the lack of worker motivation caused by an autocratic management style.\r\nThis style can be highly advantageous , and can engender loyalty from the employees, leading to a lower labour turnover, thank to the accent on amicable needs. It copes similar disadvantages to an despotic style; employees becoming highly dependent on the leader, and if the wrongly decisions are made, then employees may become discontentment with the leader.\r\nIn a Democratic style, the manager allows the employees to persuade part in decision-making: therefore everything is agreed by the major(ip)ity. The communication is extensive in both directions from subordinates to leaders and from leaders to subordinates. This style can be in particular useful when complex decisions need to be made that require a range of specialist skills.\r\nFrom the general business’s point of view, job contentment and quality of work will improve. However, the decision-making process is intemperately slowed down, and the need of a consensus may avoid taking the best decision for the business. It can go against a better ch oice of action. In a capitalist leadership style, the leader’s role is computer peripheral and staff-manage their own areas of the business.\r\nTherefore, leader avoid uncoordinated charge occurs. The communication in this style is horizontal, meaning that it is equal in both directions, however very little communication occurs in comparison with other styles. The style brings out the best in highly professional and creative 16\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ngroups of employees, however in many efforts it is not deliberate and is simply a result of silly management. This leads to a lack of staff focus and sense of direction, which in turn leads to much dissatisfaction, and a abject company image. The word leadership can refer to ability to get people to follow by their will.\r\n5.2. Leadership and management.\r\n‘True leaders have an supernatural way of enrolling people in their vision through and through their optimism â € sometimes unwarranted optimism’, Bennis, W., and Nanus, B., 2004. To continue my thesis I am writing about leadership and management. In the book of Bennis, W., and Nanus, B. about the leadership and management I found out an interesting the author’s attempt which distinguish the leadership from management. This book draw men’s leadership and management, also strategies of leadership.\r\nThe main description here is that men use their power, placement in leadership; also they are result-oriented and communicative. Authors express that leadership skills were once thought a matter of birth. Leaders were born, not made summoned to their calling through some unfathomable process. This might be called the ‘ large Man’ theory of leadership. Here authors pointed out, that leaders are natural born and that environment, time, and situation dictate the style of leadership. Here we can see that leaders mostly are male-politicians, they reviewed through leadership style and strategies of leadership.\r\nThis research is found in interviews of leaders, gives a clarification to see what the difference between the leadership and management. The leadership and management are different because of the characteristics of leaders, also how leaders work and what are their attitudes to their followers, and how they achieve their goals. According to the authors’ opinion, leader should not only direct and exercise power, but also facilitate for teamwork. In gild to identify the note between the leaders and managers, the book investigated the characteristics of\r\n17\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nleadership, the role of fond computer architecture, the significance of the visions of leaders, importance of optimism and trusteeship of leaders.\r\nAccording to this research, there is a big difference between management and leadership and both are important without doubt. As we know one of the pre valent expression is that managers are people who do things right and leaders is people who do the right thing. In other words, to manage †is to accomplish something, to have charge of/or function to conduct. The definition of management †is the act of getting people together to accomplish propensityd goals.\r\nManagement includes planning, organizing, resourcing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing contains the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technical resources, and natural resources. Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act of management.\r\nAs for leading, is to influence, guide in direction, course, action, opinion. The leadership †is the process of influencing people while operating to meet organizational requirements and improving the organization through change. Leadership †as c hange agents who guide their followers onto new heights, while along the way, they develop and grow their followers.\r\nLeaders two driving goals should be make the organization a success. Anyone can become a leader that has the willingness and drive to achieve that goal. Traits can be changed or decrease by focusing upon the more in petition(predicate) traits. unless the better leaders concentrate on and grow their desirable traits so that they over-power their weaker traits.\r\n18\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nFurthermore, a very important that there are iv strategies of leadership: front of all, attention through vision, meaning through communication, trust through positioning and the deployment of self through collateral self regard. These four strategies makes clear how the leaders become leaders, what kind of tools and mechanisms are used in order to achieve success. Regarding the initiatory strategy, authors make do about the unity between the leaders and followers.\r\nBy their opinion attention of leaders to followers is considered as one of the major strategies. In addition, in this part of strategy authors mention about the vision and organization. According to their research, the organization has a clear sense of its purpose, direction, and desired future state and when this image is widely share, individuals are able to find their own roles in the organization.\r\nIn other words, for the success of their organization leaders should deliver their vision for their followers. In the first strategy, research also took into account the importance of past, present and future. For the successful leadership the leader should analyze the whole nature of organization, including its past business, present situation and future vision.\r\nThe second strategy, so called meaning through communication also develops the importance of unity between leaders and followers. According to this research work, communicati on creates meaning for people. The only way any group, small or large, can become aligned behind the overarching goals of organization. In many big companies, leaders are just busy with their business meetings and because of their busy catalogue they sometimes even don’t see often their workers. However, as it is argued, communication and interaction between the leaders and followers is very important.\r\nRegarding the second strategy it was also mentioned about the social architecture. By the author’s opinion social architecture is very important for leaders. They believe that social architecture presents a shared interpretation of organizational events, so that members know how they are 19\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n pass judgment to behave. Organization’s social architecture servicings as a control mechanism, proscribing particular kind of behavior. Social architecture is very important for leaders. It is argued that when organizations develop they might need to change or shape their market performance depending on the necessity. In this case it is very significant to take into consideration the social architecture as well. In general, the social architecture is a very important part in the company’s development, because it is built for many years.\r\nIn some companies employees are used to work with the self comparable(prenominal) structure and methods for a long period of time. Therefore, it is obvious when company wants to change its market performance it will meet difficulties. In the case of product changes and transformation, companies need at first to make a relevant approach to their followers.\r\nAs for the third strategy, it is also considered as one of the most important ingredients of all organizations. According to authors view, Bennis, W., and Nanus, B., (2004) they maintain that, ‘trust is the emotional glue that binds followers and leaders together. It cannot b e mandated or purchased, it\r\nmust be earned. How the trust can be earned? and how long it will take to earn it? In order to earn the trust in the organization there should be teamwork policy. Organization should work as one team, and it can strengthen unity.’\r\nRegarding the trust authors also argue that in order to earn trust there should be a clear interpretation of leader’s position and their vision of work for their followers. give care in the first and second strategies, the main point is that followers should have clear idea, what is the position and what are the main objectives of the organization. In addition, authors gave information about the purpose of organizational positioning.\r\nIn order to make it clear, their research makes a distinction between the human organizations and other organisms. In addition, agree to their analysis, there are four main strategies that leaders choose in order to position their organization: reactive, change the internal environment, change 20\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nthe external environment, and establish a new linkage between the external and internal environments. All of these strategies are purposed for leaders to earn trust, because all of the strategies are aimed to make a clear vision of the leader’s position to their followers. The last strategy is also very interesting, which is called deployment of self. This means that leaders are perpetual learners, some of the leaders learn from reading books while most of the leaders learn from other people.\r\nThe research negotiation not only about how leaders learn, but also it makes a reference to organizational mount. For example, it is stated that, organizational learning is the process by which an organization obtains and uses new knowledge, tools, behaviors, and values. It happens at all levels in the organization †among individuals and groups as well as system wide.\r\nThe way that authors made clarification of differences between leadership and management is useful and interesting. I completely agree with them that in the current world it is very important for organizations to forebode and oversee the future perspectives. Because, the success of the organization and leadership depends not only past and current situation analysis, but also it highly depends upon the future vision of the leaders.\r\nWithin this connection, this book very informative in terms of leadership perspectives since authors made accent on men style, strategies which can be used by leaders for their followers. My judgment of this definition and description is that men as leaders have to improve their skills and take into consideration that: ‘People don’t want to be managed. They want to be led.’\r\nThe whole book is dedicated to men as leaders, and authors gave examples of politicians, it proves that most of leaders are men. The same can be qualified to organizatio n’s leadership. However, my writing is about men and women leadership and management differences. That’s why I will continue saying about female leadership and what the main differences from male one. 21\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n5.3. anthropoid’s and female’s style in leadership.\r\n‘ finding roles for women isn’t the problem. Finding one for men is.’ Margaret Mead, http://www.albatrus.org/men_natural_leaders.htm As we know, women enter leadership sphere, which mainly occupied by men. The leadership styles of women and men are differs. What are the differences or similarities, what women and men do and how they deal with this?\r\nMostly there is basic information about leadership styles of women and men on the example of autocratic and democratic styles of both men and women. The behavior of women and men in leadership style related to leadership roles. It is different for men and women a nd the fact that women face more barriers to become leaders, especially for leader roles that are male-dominated. This issue is usually discussed in terms of leadership styles, than behavior.\r\nDistinctions in styles can be important because they are one factor that may affect people’s views about whether women should become leaders. It is not surprising that women are the usual focus of discussions of the tinct of gender on leadership.\r\nFrom one side, the differences in leadership style can provide a rationale for excluding women from opportunities and especially from maledominated leadership roles. From another side, the perceptual experience of sameness would fail to acknowledge the relational qualities which are traditional source of female pride and that may contribute to superior performance by women leaders. nevertheless differences and similarity is not the main point.\r\nTherefore, leadership styles of women and men are different, probably because women more c ooperative and col delveative, but less hierarchical, than men. However, men and women have different social roles, for instance in the family and employment place. The main differences of\r\n22\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nmen from women, that male are bumptious, controlling, and confident tendency, for example: they characterized as ‘aggressive, inhalations, dominant, independent, self-confident and competitive’. On the contrary, women are ‘affectionate, kind, helpful, sympathetic, nurturant, socially sharp and gentle’, Alice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, (2003). Having different characteristics male and female try to adopt each others’ style of leadership in order to be competent in leader roles.\r\nAnother point of view, that leadership doesn’t know the gender. The definition of leader is a person named by the group as the leader, person who group members cover to be the leader, person who has the greatest influence on the groups’ decision and who actually performs leadership behaviors. According to the task behavior women emphasize production.\r\nThey will continue their strong contributions to the task at hand when the group is doing well, where as men will reduce their contributions as the group does better. It was found out that female leaders spend more time communicating about the task on hand than men, as they make more off-task comments. There are suggestions to strengthen females and their work in group. They generate twice as many adjective suggestions in resolving conflicts as men do. It is usually because females worked substantially harder than any other member in the group.\r\nWhen we look to the social-emotional behaviors, we can tell that women are more in all probability to meet the social-emotional needs of the group slightly more than men do. Women are rated as being more interpersonally warm during the first interactions then male leaders. Females using an authoritarian style of leadership were perceive less favorably than males using the same style. In decision making, women use a democratic or participative style than men. Men who worked\r\n23\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nunder women supervision were more opened for the leadership of a woman. Women value auditory sense as a skill that makes others bumps both palmy and important.\r\nHow women interact and what kind of way they are using: First of all, women have an equalitarian (a person who believes in the comparison of all people) view among themselves. Secondly, women are described to be more cooperative and supportive, while their male counterparts tend to be more self-assertive and competitive.\r\nThirdly, women desire leaders who are cooperative, empathetic, supportive, democratic, and calm. Fourthly, most women perceive leadership more as a facilitation and organization rather then power and dominance. If we summarize a bove written, females and males are equally effective leaders. In addition, female and male leaders are equally effective in conflict management styles. The only difference in female and male conflict management styles include age, education, and managerial experience the leaders must share similarities to one another.\r\nBoth, ‘men and women who have female bosses are more collaborative, and less aggressive than men’, Alice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, (2003). They want consensus, emphasize team mental synthesis, are more nurturing and empathetic, and are more approachable. However, males are still frequently rated more despoticly than females for the same behaviors. Men show more leadership, have higher-quality contributions, being more desirable for hiring, meriting a higher salary, and more responsible job.\r\nFor the same behaviors females were rated as more emotional, less warm, less sensitive, and less attractive than males. Women have begun to increase their indi vidual power, independence, assertiveness, and competitiveness. Male dominance is effectively reduced when people are reminded of their equalitarian attitudes.\r\n24\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nLeaders are pass judgment to create conditions under which joint learning and continuous improvement can occur. Achieving these knowledge- found outcomes depends on emotional or relational intelligence. It includes the next skills: self-awareness, listening, empathy, also learn from others and empower others. So, leadership based on individual achievement, focused on collective learning and plebeian influence, also noted by classless relational skills and emotional intelligence.\r\nMale and female can display individualism, assertiveness and dominance are socially attributed to men and generally understood as masculine. The interpretation of this event is to predict that the supplanting to new leadership practices will create a female advantage . But this process toward new models of leadership is more complex, because the shift is related to a gendered power dynamic, not just to gender. It is more interesting because it is about gender united shift in the very understanding of how to achieve business success.\r\nTo investigate these involvements we need to understand the association of authoritative characteristics with masculinity and feminity and what has to do with the rules for business success. The main reason for that the way to view the social world separate into two spheres of activity: the public sphere, for instance work. And the private sphere †family and community.\r\nThis way of seeing the world is so natural. For instance, labor in the work sphere is anticipate to be skilled, dependent on training and labor in the domestic sphere. This gender separation of two spheres of life is significant in leadership. The ‘label feminine and masculine is attributed as certain characteristics’ and how to do heavy work in each sphere, Alice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, (2003).\r\nWomen are active participants in the domestic area †family and men are active in the work area. These images of gender linked attributes are idealized, but have a sinewy effect expected to act in each on how men and women act. Also how they are expected to act in each sphere and what 25\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\ntypes of behavior are considered appropriate and inappropriate. The view of separate spheres helps us see that new models of leadership break some basic principles and beliefs about gender, power, individual achievement, also work and family.\r\n5.5. Research study and finding\r\n‘You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You must do the thing you think you cannot do’. Eleanor Roosevelt, This citation from web site: http://www.nwlink. com. I found out during my rese arch study that there is a really nice concept about natural born leaders, it means born to lead. This finding opens view that both, female and male are natural born leaders and can lead followers willingly.\r\nThis approach is a theory of male’s and female’s leadership. That means leaders are people who can act according to the situations, be flexible, adaptative to the environment, and in compliance with the style of leadership. During research it is important to characterize who are leaders, what are gender differences, and leadership styles. As for leaders’ definition, they are people with concept of natural born leaders †born to lead. Leaders, both male and female, believe in their own actions and inspire followers for reaching goals.\r\nThere is gender, which is a social construct, and there is what is referred to as a masculine or feminine leadership style. These leadership styles are based on how female and male are usually socialized, but a man or woman might use a masculine or feminine style. That’s why good leaders of both genders are able to use these styles according to the current or particular situation. All leaders have some preferred styles which their can use to approach things. Female and male leaders learn the skills by themselves and develop people around them with these strengths.\r\nThe research study about females’ and males’ leadership shows that women, gender, and leadership mean very different things to different people. Therefore, some women still perceive\r\n26\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nmany barriers and challenges. Females usually have to work harder and perform better, but they are perceived as having more opportunities.\r\nWomen in management are desirable because females bring a different style of leadership. For example, female bring a less aggressive and more intuitive style, also they tend to keep the authoritarian masculine style. These softer skills are more in demand today rather than the aggressive, dominating style of men. At the same time females need to be more motivated and encouraged by them and family because they fight for promotion.\r\nSince women merge job with family, so they pursue their selfish ambition to place their careers ahead of family responsibilities. What the ways of leading and how female lead? Women managers are succeeding in leadership by drawing on what is unique to their experience as women.\r\nAccording to practice, men and women in similar managerial jobs make the same amount of bullion and experience. But in leadership styles there are differences: Male are much more wish wellly than women to view leadership as a serial of transactions with subordinates, and to use their position and control of resources to motivate their followers.\r\nFemale, on the other hand, are far more standardizedly than men to describe themselves as transforming subordinates’ egoism into co ncern for the whole organization. Women are using personal traits like charisma, work record, and interpersonal skills to motivate others. Women leaders develop and practice interaction or synergetic leadership.\r\nThey are trying to make every interaction with coworkers, it is positive for all involved in participation, also they encourage, share power and information, make people feel important, and energizing them. In general, women have been expected to be supportive and cooperative. This is one of explanation why women leaders today tend to be more interactive than men. But interactive leadership should not be linked directly to being female, since some men use that style and some women prefer the democratic style. That is why female and male in\r\n27\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nthis are having similar features of leadership because organizations that are open to leadership styles with individuals’ strengths will increase thei r opportunities in a fast-changing environment.\r\nHowever, for women in leadership, it is very important to develop and keep interpersonal skills and professional competence, since it plays a big role in achieving results. There are some good suggestions how to make good and quick decisions for women in business insight. The principle consists of skill’s set where men are consistently rated by bosses as outperforming women. Figure out how to increase profitable emersion, customer retention and customer acquisition.\r\nCommunicate effectively to people at all levels in organization, including a boss, colleagues, and subordinates. It is better to state the goals or successes in terms of how what people are doing helps the organization reach their key goal. If women get to the point, try do not lose control, state things in absolutes and not questions, so they are training their skills and as female-leaders learning how to overcome successfully.\r\nIn addition, there are many females who learn and improve their business skills by networking. There are many attainments that women gain, practice skills which are wiped out(p) for success in the business world. That’s why women are coordinating their calendars and setting a schedule to network. The information gained by networking can keep women informed of the latest trends. Women have unique ideas and their implement them during discussions with colleagues.\r\nThe business experience that women have is tools for success in the business world. Some women network with their suppliers and distributors to find out what their thoughts are on getting a product to market. Women serve an active role at home and in the office, they are having skills to deal with conflicts that can occur. Women learn to equilibrate job in business with a family life,\r\n28\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nthat’s why get out of obstacles and come up with a manageable solution. Th ey wise(p) these skills by networking with professionals.\r\nTherefore a growth of women in business increased. One of the reasons is that this rate of growth might be because the women set goals that they wanted to reach. And, these women have taken an intensive and assertive step for taking positions of leadership. That’s why many women have remarkable rate of success in business. One of the positive reasons is that their goals included training that would put together them to operate a business successfully.\r\nWomen are applying for business at the same rate as male leaders. Women learn to guide the growth of their companies by using various resources at their disposal. Equity from a business perspective is considered as a measurement for the success and growth of a company. Women are successful in business because they are open to learn and get new skills.\r\nWomen grow businesses better because developed assiduity in dealing with problems, also they learn to treat a successful outcome to any problems. The growth of women in business is increasing; some of them learned to manage money, budgets and operate with finance.\r\nWomen are growing strong in the business world because they have a different management style, it is named as finance. The growing rate of successful women in business is due to their skills people that they do business with. They have confidence when work in the team and built a trust in everyone in the company. From the people that manage their finance to the people that deliver their goods, women know that their businesses will grow because it is personal to everyone at work.\r\nThe analysis taken from my research study can be following. Females may try to be something other than what they are, adopting a masculine style, for example, and not being authentic can be a mistake for any leader. That’s why this way of leadership style can bring positive reflection and\r\n29\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r \nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nresults on own attitude, habits, goals, career opportunity. Leaders need to understand their strengths and their priorities, as well as the culture, policies, and systems around them. There are wonderful opportunities, but this means women have enormous choices and a much broader range of prototypes to think about and analyze.\r\nSome of females are making progress in taking leadership roles in organizations. It is clear that women can go all the way to the top today. And it is clear that female leaders face some problems as others, including men. Female with a high potential are in unlikely demand, so companies need to look at how to sustain these women.\r\nHowever, for today, the drive to the equalitarian roles of male and female is not a fight against of men or women. Also, it is not a war against men and their rights, family life and mutual respect between the sexes. The equality model is that has as much relevance to a modern society. This equality is a delicate balance of power, respect and share of responsibilities between men and women. That’s why egalitarian style is making female and male an economical and productive, flexible and effective.\r\nThis is proof of the fact that the best leaders are married people; they are the best in leadership. For instance, men are best when they lead and provide for their families, at the same time they improve themselves through skills of leaders and contribute their positive impact to society and vice versa. Both male and female get leadership skills during their study, education, job experience, trainings, seminars, they obtain good characteristics as qualifications, intelligence, hard work, and so forth.\r\nThe best leaders, female and male, use rationally and successfully all obtained skills according to their surroundings, job occupation, environment, situation. That’s why all the time the best females’ and males’ leaders are trying to keep the following: â€Å"They do the things they think they can not do…”\r\n30\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\n6. Conclusion\r\nIn this thesis I wrote about leaders, leadership style and management, differences of male and female in leadership. I found out that many people are natural born leaders. They gain skills of leaders and learn leadership, both male and female.\r\nAs for women, they are combining autocratic and democratic style of leadership. However, men and women have different social roles, for instance in the family and employment place. As for men, they are holding autocratic style of leadership, but it depends from sphere and location. Therefore, women’s and men’s leadership style be with their roles. For example, women are keeping house and working, at the same time men are taking part in housing, but mostly they are making career and busy with job. The priority men are giving to their job occupation.\r\nAnyway, men an d women have different characteristics and try to adopt each others’ style of leadership in order to be competent as leaders. Also, if male and female leaders are keeping skills of natural born leaders, such as ‘self-awareness, building rapport, clarify expectations’, develop others as leaders, ‘develop leadership influence skills’, to influence others follow willingly, create a motivating environment, so they are competent, desired, and essential as leaders in many spheres: business, politics, education, sport, and so forth.\r\nIn addition, interpersonal skills and professional competence are important. Male and female could use these skills, and all above mentioned too, achieve results and reach their goals, it is very important for men and women.\r\nI would like to conclude my thesis by bonny words which mostly related to business and sounded as meaningful expression: ‘Read Play similar a Man, Win Like a charwoman’. (From the follo wing web.site: http:// www.evancarmichael.com/Leadership/Women-Leadership.html).\r\n31\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nAcknowledgement\r\nI would like to express my warm words as thanks to Dr. Professor Phillippe Daudi and Professor Mikael Lundgren for instilling and suggesting in thesis writing, and to course Coordinator Teresa Johansson for making good support during thesis procedures and studying. It is very interesting interactions among students and professors and teaching staff. It gives motivation for study research and positive reflection for the thesis writing.\r\nBesides, it was very interesting for me to be in a role of resistance for another male team of master thesis with similar topic, for the first time. I think it is an active process and good experience of study in international environment. The final seminars were essential and useful for understanding of different topics, and point of view of other students on the same th ings. Therefore, studying is an interesting progress of intellectual growth, it gives a new knowledge which can be used in get ahead job occupation and development of own career.\r\n32\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nReferences\r\nAlice H. Eagly, Linda L.Carli, The Leadership Quarterly 14 (2003) 807-834. The female Leadership advantage: An evaluation of the evidence, Article. Bennis, W., and Nanus, B., harpist backing, New Yourk, (2004). Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge. Blank Warren, Saranac Lake, NY, ground forces: AMACOM, (2001). 108 Skills of Natural Born Leaders.\r\nJudith G. Oakley, Journal of Business Ethics, (2000), Gender-based Barriers to sr. Management Positions: Understanding the Scarcity of Female CEOs.\r\nhttp://www.albatrus.org/men_natural_leaders.htm, Men †natural leaders, by Alan Barron. http://www.evancarmichael.com/Leadership/Women-Leadership.html.Women Leadership. http://www.leadershiparticles.net, Women In B usiness Network, Growth Rate Of Women In Business, by Jim Brown. http://www.sclmcoach.com, 2002, Women’s Style of Leadership, by Alicia M. Rodrigues. http://www.nwlink.com, quotes. http://www.wisdomquotes.com/cat_leadership.html.\r\n33\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nEnclosure: Guide for Thesis writing (Summary)\r\nThis is an enclosure for master thesis that I supposed to use for making research at the beginning. This guide was suggested to the thesis writing as directing principle or instruction, that’s why it is left as reminder and direction in this enclosure.\r\nA short guide for thesis is as a summary of main points, which gives a view of the whole thesis. Starting from research area I would like to say that according to the thesis theme Female and Gender Leadership, it concern of male and female leadership styles and leads to narrow of research toward female leadership.\r\nResearch problem and/or issue/question remain the same: What are the main distinctions of men and women leadership and management styles in the context of gender and leader role? How male and female hierarchies can bring to investigate leadership role in companies and organizations?\r\nI would like to add that this area and questions is very actual now, and will bring to female leadership, how women are implementing their leadership and management style and what kind of features and organizational culture their hold. In another words, how women deal with leadership and management in the male-dominated world.\r\nThe importance and hint of the research is both interrelated. Therefore, each research is important and will have results first of all for the writer/author, tutor, than for all interested in it parties. The importance of this research is a core for making investigation. The implication\r\n34\r\nMaster Thesis, Female and Gender Leadership\r\nAinura Kadyrkulova\r\nshould drive for using research methods and analyzes in order to conduct thesis writing in a way of doing own best. The usefulness and implication of this research consists of understanding of female leadership and further thinking about career, employment, etc. for women.\r\nProposed methodology: I would like to use qualitative method for conference relevant information and use an articles, books, and statistical information if it possible. To make analyzes of research data and formalize it to the answer of research question is one of the important issue during thesis writing.\r\nTheoretical context of the research (area/ topic/ question): The research area is male and female leadership and management. The object of study is men and women in the context of leadership and management, with further narrowing of female leadership and management style. While making research the different leadership theories can be reviewed and applied according to the necessity.\r\nAs for feasibility, I believe that it can be done according to the thesis instruc tions and tutor’s feedback, advices, including own contribution to the thesis investigation. The thesis is an important one and students will gain and improve their own research and writing skills.\r\nMy vision of expected results is realistic and will be based on the chosen research question, methods and time plan (schedule of thesis writing). This thesis theme is interesting and could bring new knowledge about female leadership as a study for future perspectives of men and women leadership role.\r\n35\r\n'